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Acidophile Microbiology: From Extreme Environments to Biotechnological Applications
Acidophiles are microorganisms that thrive in acidic environments, and these microorganisms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including acid mine drainage, volcanic hot springs, and acidic soils. Despite the extreme conditions they live in, acidophiles have adapted unique biochemical pathways and mechanisms to survive and thrive in such harsh environments. This Research Topic aims to bring together recent advances in the field of acidophile microbiology, from fundamental research on microbial diversity, physiology, and ecology in extreme environments to biotechnological applications, including bioleaching and bioremediation.
Biohydrometallurgical Processes
Extensive industrialization has led to an increased release of toxic metals into the soil and air. Industrial waste can include mine overburden, bauxite residue, and E waste, and these can serve as a source of valuable recoverable metals. There are relatively simple methods to recycle these wastes, but they require additional chemicals, are expensive, and generate secondary waste that causes environmental pollution. Biohydrometallurgical processing is a cost-effective and ecofriendly alternative where biological processes help conserve dwindling ore resources and extract metals in a nonpolluting way. Microbes can be used in metal extraction from primary ores, waste minerals, and industrial a...
Optimization of the Chemolithotrophic Denitrification of Ion Exchange Concentrate Using Membrane Biofilm Reactors
A H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used to remove nitrate from a synthetic ion-exchange brine made up of 23.8 g/L NaCl. The nitrate removal flux was not affected if key nutrients were present in the feed solution including potassium and sodium bicarbonate. Operating pH was maintained between 7 and 8. By using a H2 pressure of 15 psi, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hours, and a surface loading rate of 13.6 ± 0.2 g N/m2-d, the average nitrate removal flux was 3.3 ± 0.6 g N/m2-d. At HRTs of up to twenty-four hours, the system was able to maintain a high removal flux of 1.6 ± 0.2 g N/m2-d. Microbial diversity analysis showed that the consortium was dominated by the genera Sulfurimonas and Marinobacter. Costs for a coupled ion exchange (IX)+MBfR treatment plant of 200 m3/h capacity were estimated at 0.43 USD/m3, being a competitive and sustainable alternative to an IX plant for the same flow, providing the option of recycling the brine and a cost reduction of 55% due to avoided brine disposal costs.
Recent Advances in Hydro- and Biohydrometallurgy
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hydro- and Biohydrometallurgy that was published in Minerals
Handbook of Aquatic Microbiology
Short Blurb This handbook covers the different aspects of the aquatic environment, microbiology, and microbial applications. It highlights the role of microorganisms as pollution indicators and as bio-control agents. The book covers the impact of pollution on microorganisms, biofilms, cyanobacterial blooms, and the metagenomics approach to isolate microbes. Standard Blurb This comprehensive handbook covers the different aspects of the aquatic environment, microbiology, and microbial applications. The world’s aquatic environment is facing a serious threat due to inappropriate planning, implementation, and management. This book compiles effective strategies for managing the aquatic environme...
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Biomining
Biomining is the use of microorganisms in the recovery of metals from ores. During bioleaching, metals such as copper, nickel or zinc are oxidized through microbial action from the water-insoluble sulfide to the soluble sulfate forms. Although gold is inert to microbial action, microbes can also be used in gold recovery from certain types of ores because as they oxidize the ore, they open up its structure, thereby allowing a gold-solubilizing agent such as cyanide to penetrate the ore. The book describes several industrial bioleaching and biooxidation processes as well as the underlying theory and biology of the microbes involved.
