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In the mid-1600s, Manchu bannermen spearheaded the military force that conquered China and founded the Qing Empire, which endured until 1912. By the end of the Taiping War in 1864, however, the descendants of these conquering people were coming to terms with a loss of legal definition, an ever-steeper decline in living standards, and a sense of abandonment by the Qing court. Focusing on three generations of a Manchu family (from 1750 to the 1930s), Orphan Warriors is the first attempt to understand the social and cultural life of the bannermen within the context of the decay of the Qing regime. The book reveals that the Manchus were not "sinicized," but that they were growing in consciousnes...
Diminishing confined fossil resources has spurred the scientific community to strive for alternative, sustainable resources, such as terrestrial biomass, which can potentially substitute fossil-based derivatives. Lignocellulosic biomass is deemed an indispensable carbon source for meeting industrial and social demands regarding energy/fuels and chemicals. Over the past decade, significant advances have been shown in developing a broad spectrum of high-value chemicals and functional materials derived from biomass-based substrates. In connection with this, furanic chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural, have recently received considerable attention due to their potential...
Did the Chinese Communists use money or banking systems during their struggle for national power? In the West, this question was not answered, or even raised, for sixty years after the Communists took over China in 1949. This book examines the Communists’ revenue and supply system during the Japanese occupation in Shandong, a coastal province in northern China. It explores how the Communists manipulated currency exchange rates to turn trade within the occupied zones into their principal source of revenue and transform the Japanese army and navy into their most important customers. Thus enabling them to stockpile the materials needed for the race against the Nationalists into Manchuria, China’s only industrialized area, immediately after Japan’s surrender.
An imaginative natural history survey of the wide world of spirits, from whiskey and gin to grappa and moonshine In this follow-up book to A Natural History of Wine and A Natural History of Beer, authors Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersall yet again use alcoholic beverages as a lens through which to gain a greater appreciation of natural history. This volume considers highly alcoholic spirits in the context of evolution, ecology, history, primatology, molecular biology, physiology, neurobiology, chemistry, and even astrophysics. With the help of illustrator Patricia Wynne, DeSalle and Tattersall address historical and cultural aspects and ingredients, the distillation process, and spirits and their effects. They also call on an international group of colleagues to contribute chapters on brandy, vodka, tequila, whiskies, gin, rum, eaux-de-vie, schnapps, baiju, grappa, ouzo, and cachaça. Covering beverages from across the globe and including descriptions of the experience of tasting each drink, this book offers an accessible and comprehensive exploration of the scientific dimensions of spirits.
The book reviews the application of discrete fractional operators in diverse fields such as biological and chemical reactions, as well as chaotic systems, demonstrating their applications in physics. The dynamical analysis is carried out using equilibrium points of the system for studying their stability properties and the chaotic behaviors are illustrated with the help of bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. The book is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the application of discrete fractional operators in chemical reaction-based systems with biological significance. Two different chemical reaction models are analysed- one being disproportionation of glucose, which plays an ...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2017, held in Sapporo, Hakodate, and Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan, in June 2017. The 135 revised full papers presented in this two-volume set were carefully reviewed and selected from 259 submissions. The papers cover topics like perception, emotion and development, action and motor control, attractor and associative memory, neurodynamics, complex systems, and chaos.
The “Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis (PAP)” technology described in this book facilitates one to harvest sunlight to meet all the energy needs of the society without any back-up from fossil fuels to meet all the energy needs of the society by using carbon dioxide and water as energy storing materials. The PAP process can completely eradicate the poverty and unemployment across the globe, and it can solve the problems of CO2 associated global warming and the related social cost of carbon problems completely. Four new technologies invented and discovered by the author of this book as a part of developing this comprehensive PAP process including a brand-new technology “Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)” to generate electricity from sunlight with highest efficiency at lowest expenditure have also been presented and described in this book for the first time. Ultra-low cost EPDM rubber based membranes needed for alkaline electrolyzers and fuel cells also introduced in this book.
Clear Words to Understand the World (喻世明言, Yushi Mingyan), is a collection of short stories written by Feng Menglong during the Ming dynasty. It was published in Suzhou in 1620. It is considered to be pivotal in the development of Chinese vernacular fiction. Feng Menglong collected and slightly modified works from the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, such as changing characters’ names and locations to make stories more contemporary. The writing style of the series of stories is written vernacular, or baihua, the everyday language of people at that time. The 40 stories are divided into 3 sections, one section collects Song and Yuan dynasty tales, one collects Ming dynasty stories, and...