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There is an increasing need to construct engineering structures in the Arctic sea. The requirement is principally generated by the oil and gas industry, because of the substantial reserves that are known to existing offshore in the Beaufort Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Barents Sea, the Pacific Ocean off the cost of Sakhalin, the Canadian Arctic, and almost certainly elsewhere. Structures have to withstand the severe environmental forces generated by sea ice, a subject that is developing rapidly but is still far from completely understood. Underwater pipelines have to be safe against ice gouging and strudel scour, but also have to be constructed safely and economically. The social and human environment has to be understood and respected. This important book intentionally takes a broad view, and vividly accounts for the many and often subtle interactions between the different factors. It is illustrated by case studies of actual projects.
In the early 1970s, new technology was needed to aid in coal, oil and gas exploration in the High Arctic, in order to see if ice sheets could provide a perfect structural support for roadways, airstrips and drilling platforms housing hundreds of workers. However, little engineering experience was available in this regard. This book uniquely relates the human history and the technical innovations developed in this harsh environment through research, testing, and applying many existing engineering principles to ice structure analysis. It offers essential insights into the history of ice engineering for designers, university educators and postgraduate students. While other studies detail research and testing in the laboratory, this text relates the testing, development, construction and use of ice in real construction conditions.
Featuring real-world examples and practical methodology, this rigorous text explores time dependence in the mechanics of ice. Emphasizing use of full scale data, and implementing risk-based design methods, mechanical theory is combined with design and modelling. Readers will gain understanding of fundamental concepts and modern advances of ice mechanics and ice failure processes, analysis of field data, and use of probabilistic design methods, with applications to the interaction of ships and offshore structures with thick ice features or icebergs. The book highlights the use of viscoelastic theory, including nonlinearity with stress and the effects of microstructural change, in the mechanics of ice failure and fracture. The methods of design focus on risk analysis, with emphasis on rational limit-state principles and safety. Full discussion of historical discoveries and modern advances – including Hans Island, Molikpak, and others – support up-to-date methods and models to make this an ideal resource for designers and researchers.
Explores the human impacts on environment that lead to serious ecological crises, an innovative resource for students, professionals, and researchers alike Ecosystem Crises Interaction: Human Health and the Changing Environment provides a timely and innovative framework for understanding how negative human activity impacts the environment, and how seemingly disparate factors connect to, and magnify, hazardous consequences under a changing climate. Presenting a coherent, holistic perspective to the subject, this compelling textbook and reference examines the diverse, often unexpected links that connect our complex world in context of global climate change. The text illustrates how eco-crisis ...
This practical primer explains the primary issues in writing about the environment, identifies who to go to and where to find sources, and offers examples of writing and reporting the beat. Observations and story excerpts from experienced journalists provide real-world context both for those in the U.S. as well as internationally. Practice story assignments, resources, and a glossary of critical terms gives budding journalists all the tools needed to cover the green beat. Updated with detailed coverage of how companies and climate change have evolved over the past decade, this second edition expands upon the digital sphere and the myriad ways that deadline, multimedia and mobile reporting ha...
Vols. 29-30 include papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54 includes papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
This publication is a summary of good practice on the use of rock in engineering works for rivers, coasts and seas. It has incorporated all the significant advances in knowledge that have occured over the past 10-15 years.