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Structural stability is of fundamental importance in materials science. Up-to-date information on the theoretical aspects of phase stability of materials is contained in this volume. Most of the first-principles calculations are based on the local-density approximation (LDA). In contrast, this volume contains very recent results of "going beyond LDA", such as the density gradient expansion and the quantum Monte-Carlomethod. Following the recently introduced theoretical methods for the calculation of interatomic potentials, forces acting on atoms and total energies such as the Car-Parrinello, the effective-medium and the bond-ordermethod, attempts have been made to develop even more sophisticated methods such as the order-N method in electronic-structure calculations. The present status of these methods and their application to real systems are described. In addition, in order to study the phase stability atfinite temperatures, the microscopic calculations have to be combined with statistical treatment of the systems to describe, e.g. order-disorder transitions on the Si(001) surface or alloy phase diagrams. This book contains examples for this type of calculations.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the computational physics for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Based on MATLAB and the C++ distributed computing paradigm, the book gives instructive explanations of the underlying physics for mesoscopic systems with many listed programs that readily compute physical properties into nanoscales. Many generated graphical pictures demonstrate not only the principles of physics, but also the methodology of computing.
Since 1995, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. Based on nanomechanical methods, the NC-AFM detects the weak attractive force between the tip of a cantilever and a sample surface. This method has the following characteristics: it has true atomic resolution; it can measure atomic force interactions, i.e. it can be used in so-called atomic force spectroscopy (AFS); it can also be used to study insulators; and it can measure mechanical responses such as elastic deformation. This is the first book that deals with all of the emerging NC-AFM issues.
High temperature superconductivity is still one of the most discussed topicsin physics. "The Physics and Chemistry of Oxide Superconductors " collects together more than one hundred original contributions presented during the 2nd International Symposium of the Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo. The main topics cover new insights into the basic mechanism of high temperature superconductivity, recent developments of new superconducting materials, the state of the art of thin film production,theoretical understanding of the electronic structures in this kind of material, theories for strongly correlated electron systems, and many physical and chemical effects.
This comprehensive volume covers the latest research on high magnetic fields in semiconductor physics presented at the 16th International Conference (SemiMag 16), held in Tallahassee, Florida, August 2-8, 2004.The book features papers from more than 130 participants including the work of the foremost experts in the fields.Much of the most cutting-edge research is covered by the contributions as well as a special focused session on the recently discovered microwave-induced zero resistance effect.
Hydrogen is the smallest impurity atom that can be implanted in a metallic host. Its small mass and strong interaction with the host electrons and nuclei are responsible for many anomalous and interesting solid state effects. In addition, hydrogen in metals gives rise to a number of technological problems such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen storage, radiation hardening, first wall problems associated with nuclear fusion reactors, and degradation of the fuel cladding in fission reactors. Both the fundamental effects and applied problems have stimulated a great deal of inter est in the study of metal hydrogen systems in recent years. This is evident from a growing list of publications as ...
Gathering top experts in the field, the 20th ICPS proceedings reviews the progress in all aspects of semiconductor physics. The proceedings will include state-of-the-art lectures with special emphasis on exciting new developments. It should serve as excellent material for researchers in this and related fields.
The quantum transport theory, which dates back to the time of the Landauer theory in the field of mesoscopic physics, is now expanding its power on materials science and chemistry by earning chemical accuracy and physical reality and has become a new subject of non-equilibrium quantum transport theory for charge and heat at nanoscale. This growing subject invites cross-disciplinary developments, for example, the local heating theory developed earlier was examined and applied to the self-heating problem in the field of semiconductor- and nanoelectronic-device physics. This book compiles 25 key published papers to provide readers with convenient and comprehensive access to the important results and developments in the field. The book will appeal to a wide range of readers from varied backgrounds, especially those involved in charge- and/or heat-transport problems that widely spread over various subjects in materials science, chemistry, electric engineering, and condensed matter physics.