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"As we enter the material worlds of Spanish colonizers, we should get to know a little bit about the colonizers themselves. In this chapter, I characterize the economic standing of colonizers, focusing on their wealth and the kinds of things on which they spent or invested their money. To address issues of wealth, it will be necessary to study the kinds of coin and other media of exchange that were in use in sixteenth-century Mexico City. The people compiling the probate inventories that form the basis of this study measured and recorded the value of each item in material terms: the amount of gold that would be necessary to purchase a person's belongings. They translated each decedent's net worth into coin in official documents, with the intent of communicating and sending the value of the decedent's belongings to his or her family in Spain. Calculating the value of a decedent's belongings as gold also helped the church and the Spanish crown collect some revenue from a person's estate, through donations to the church and taxes to the king"--
An archaeological and historical study of Mexico City and Xaltocan, focusing on the years after the 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztecs.
El objetivo principal de esta obra es plantear los elementos básicos para repensar las expresiones patrimoniales y los procesos de patrimonialización, invitar a la reflexión sobre las políticas culturales que buscan registra, salvaguardar y difundir el patrimonio cultural y valorar cómo la investigación antropológica cercana a las comunidades guerrerenses ilumina las complejidades del tema de patrimonio.
This volume brings together a range of contributors with different and hybrid academic backgrounds to explore, through bioarchaeology, the past human experience in the territories that span Mesoamerica. This handbook provides systematic bioarchaeological coverage of skeletal research in the ancient Mesoamericas. It offers an integrated collection of engrained, bioculturally embedded explorations of relevant and timely topics, such as population shifts, lifestyles, body concepts, beauty, gender, health, foodways, social inequality, and violence. The additional treatment of new methodologies, local cultural settings, and theoretic frames rounds out the scope of this handbook. The selection of 36 chapter contributions invites readers to engage with the human condition in ancient and not-so-ancient Mesoamerica and beyond. The Routledge Handbook of Mesoamerican Bioarchaeology is addressed to an audience of Mesoamericanists, students, and researchers in bioarchaeology and related fields. It serves as a comprehensive reference for courses on Mesoamerica, bioarchaeology, and Native American studies.
A comprehensive, historical encyclopedia that covers the full range of Latina economic, political, and cultural life in the United States.
Como una extensión del Proyecto Templo Mayor, en 1991 dio inicio el Programa de Arqueología Urbana que tiene como objetivo estudiar el recinto sagrado de los mexicas. En este libro se presentan los resultados preliminares de las excavaciones practicadas en Palacio Nacional, la Casa de los Marqueses del Apartado, el Antiguo Palacio de Odontología, el ex Templo y Convento de Santa Teresa la Antigua, el Antiguo Palacio del Arzobispado y las calles de Justo Sierra, Argentina, Correo Mayor, Donceles y el Carmen.
Entre versos y vivencias, La Hija de Fela y Aladino relata la historia de una mujer puertorriqueña como tantas que nacieron y se criaron humildemente, bajo la pobreza. Cada palabra en ésta historia es la realidad de una mujer sin maldad. La Hija de Fela y Aladino pone al desnudo sus vivencias, sin parábolas, y de una manera poética, demostrando un infinito atractivo por la poesía y la literatura. Esta historia es la autobiografía de una mujer, su familia, y su pueblo, su pobreza, sus logros y sus desventuras.
The handbook provides an understanding of consolidated processing and biorefinery systems for the production of bio-based chemicals and value-added bioproducts from renewable sources. The chapters look at a variety of bioenergy technological advances and improvements in the energy and materials sectors that aim to lower our dependence of fossil fuels and consequently reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The volume looks at a selection of processes for the production of energy and biomaterials, including the Fischer–Tropsch process, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, fermentation from renewable sources (such as, plants, animals and their byproducts), and others. Applications that are ex...