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This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the interface between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, granular matter, biological transport, transport networks, data acquisition, data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e. modeling, simulations, experiments and phenomenological observations, are considered.
Dry granular materials, such as sand, sugar and powders, can be poured into a container like a liquid and can also form a pile, resisting gravity like a solid, which is why they can be regarded as a fourth state of matter, neither solid nor liquid. This book focuses on defining the physics of dry granular media in a systematic way, providing a collection of articles written by recognised experts. The physics of this field is new and full of challenges, but many questions (such as kinetic theories, plasticity, continuum and discrete modelling) also require the strong participation of mechanical and chemical engineers, soil mechanists, geologists and astrophysicists. The book gathers into a si...
The book contains reports about the most significant projects from science and industry that are using the supercomputers of the Federal High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). These projects are from different scientific disciplines, with a focus on engineering, physics and chemistry. They were carefully selected in a peer-review process and are showcases for an innovative combination of state-of-the-art physical modeling, novel algorithms and the use of leading-edge parallel computer technology. As HLRS is in close cooperation with industrial companies, special emphasis has been put on the industrial relevance of results and methods.
These proceedings are the fifth in the series Traffic and Granular Flow, and we hope they will be as useful a reference as their predecessors. Both the realistic modelling of granular media and traffic flow present important challenges at the borderline between physics and engineering, and enormous progress has been made since 1995, when this series started. Still the research on these topics is thriving, so that this book again contains many new results. Some highlights addressed at this conference were the influence of long range electric and magnetic forces and ambient fluids on granular media, new precise traffic measurements, and experiments on the complex decision making of drivers. No...
This book contains two introductory papers on important topics of nonlinear physics. The first one, by M. San Miguel et al., refers to the effect of noise in nonequilibrium systems. The second, by M.E. Brachet, is a modern introduction to turbulence in fluids. The material can be very useful for short courses and is presented accordingly. The authors have made their texts self-contained. The volume also contains a selection of the invited seminars given at the Sixth International Workshop on Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures. Audience: This book should be of interest to graduate students and scientists interested in the fascinating problems of nonlinear physics.
Computational Science is the scientific discipline that aims at the development and understanding of new computational methods and techniques to model and simulate complex systems. The area of application includes natural systems - such as biology environ mental and geo-sciences, physics, and chemistry - and synthetic systems such as electronics and financial and economic systems. The discipline is a bridge bet ween 'classical' computer science - logic, complexity, architecture, algorithm- mathematics, and the use of computers in the aforementioned areas. The relevance for society stems from the numerous challenges that exist in the various science and engineering disciplines, which can be t...
Sand, flour, smoke, stone, and ceramics, are some of the many granular solids that show up in one form or another in nearly every industry and science. Different approaches to representing structural disorder in such materials, and the effect on its properties, are presented to physicists, materials
Talks about the physics of the collective behavior of grains, for example forming dense packings, being in suspension in fluids. This book presents a particular aspect of granularity, starting from the geometry of irregular packings to computer modelling of flowing particles. It emphasises the important role played by disorder.
[While acknowledging that the development of France's homosexual communities was influenced by America, Martel highlights the differences arising from the fact that homosexuality has not been criminalised in France as in the United States] -- back cover.