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The future role of biofuels in the new energy transition
The current upheaval in the energy sector, and the consequent potential implication for biofuels, have led the authors to write this book. The prime focus is Brazil whose historical experience has been, and continue to be, a source of inspiration worldwide. The book is aimed at a wide readership. It examines the key historical development of biofuels in Brazil, current and future. The book investigates these key developments in detail. The reader interested in biofuels and their wider implications, will be enriched by this unique experience. In a world where fossil fuels will, eventually, be phased out, biofuels represent a viable partial alternative in many countries. Biofuels represent a world of possibilities.
Transport Phenomena and Drying of Solids and Particulate Materials
The purpose of this book, Transport Phenomena and Drying of Solids and Particulate Materials, is to provide a collection of recent contributions in the field of heat and mass transfer, transport phenomena, drying and wetting of solids and particulate materials. The main benefit of the book is that it discusses some of the most important topics related to the heat and mass transfer in solids and particulate materials. It includes a set of new developments in the field of basic and applied research work on the physical and chemical aspects of heat and mass transfer phenomena, drying and wetting processes, namely, innovations and trends in drying science and technology, drying mechanism and theory, equipment, advanced modelling, complex simulation and experimentation. At the same time, these topics will be going to the encounter of a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. The book is divided in several chapters that intend to be a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of professional colleagues.
Solid-Gaseous Biofuels Production
Written by a team of industry experts and edited by one of the most prolific and well-respected engineering authors in the industry, this exciting new volume covers the latest processes, equipment, and applications for clean biofuel production. With renewable and alternative energy sources becoming more and more important, and the growth in percentage of the overall energy used, biofuels production is more important than ever and is a huge part of taking up the slack in the transition from fossil fuels. This volume covers many of the newest state-of-the art processes, trends, and changes in the industry, combining information from many disciplines to deliver have-to-have solutions for the engineer or scientist’s daily problems. Whether in the plant or in the classroom, this exciting new volume is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, student, or other industry professional working in biofuel production. Audience Engineers, scientists, faculty and students, and industry professionals working in the biofuel industry.
Why Ferenczi?
Known for his willingness to take on "difficult" cases, Sandór Ferenczi developed an original theory of traumatogenesis, based on the notion of disavowal (Verleugnung) of the unspeakable pain of the subject traumatized by the other, to whom he turns in search of testimony, recognition and reparation. His subtle understanding of the fact that psychic trauma causes the subject to identify with the aggressor, followed by a narcissistic split, indicated the need to rethink clinical practice according to a psychoanalytic ethic of care. Ferenczi developed an emphatic style that was not only the main inspiration for some of the later developments in Freud's conception of clinical practice, but was also significant for the work of authors such as Winnicott and Lacan, for whom the psychic work of the analyst is included in the process of working-through in analysis.
Future Energy
As the demand for global energy increases, fact-based evaluations of alternative energy sources are needed in order to address the growing interest in how energy is produced, provided, and transported in sustainable ways. Future Energy, Second Edition provides scientists and decision makers with the knowledge they need to understand the relative importance and magnitude of various energy production methods in order to make the energy decisions needed for sustaining development and dealing with climate change. The second edition of Future Energy looks at the present energy situation and extrapolates to future scenarios related to global warming and the increase of carbon dioxide and other gre...
Agriculture's Energy
Thomas D. Rogers's history of a modernizing Brazil tracks what happened when a key government program,created in the 1970s by the nation's military regime, aspired to harness energy produced by sugarcane agriculture to power the country's economy. The National Alcohol Program, known as Proalcool, was a deliberate economic strategy designed to incentivize ethanol production and reduce gasoline consumption. As Brazil's capacity grew and as international oil shocks continued, the regime's planners doubled down on Proalcool. Drawing financing from international lenders and curiosity from other oil-dependent countries, for a time it was the world's largest oil-substitution and renewable-energy pr...
Biofuels
This book offers the current state of knowledge in the field of biofuels, presented by selected research centers from around the world. Biogas from waste production process and areas of application of biomethane were characterized. Also, possibilities of applications of wastes from fruit bunch of oil palm tree and high biomass/bagasse from sorghum and Bermuda grass for second-generation bioethanol were presented. Processes and mechanisms of biodiesel production, including the review of catalytic transesterification process, and careful analysis of kinetics, including bioreactor system for algae breeding, were widely analyzed. Problem of emissivity of NOx from engines fueled by B20 fuel was characterized. The closing chapters deal with the assessment of the potential of biofuels in Turkey, the components of refinery systems for production of biodegradable plastics from biomass. Also, a chapter concerning the environmental conditions of synthesis gas production as a universal raw material for the production of alternative fuels was also added.
Polysaccharide Degrading Biocatalysts
The transformation of polysaccharides into valuable compounds for health and industry requires the careful application of enzyme protocols and controlled biocatalysis. Polysaccharide-Degrading Biocatalysts provides a thorough grounding in these biocatalytic processes and their growing role in the depolymerization of polysaccharides, empowering researchers to discover and develop new enzyme-based approaches across pharmaceuticals, fuels, and food engineering. Here, over a dozen leading experts offer a close examination of structural polysaccharides, genetic modification of polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation routes, pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis, hemicellulose-degrading enzym...
Sugarcane Biofuels
Sugarcane exhibits all the major characteristics of a promising bioenergy crop including high biomass yield, C4 photosynthetic system, perennial nature, and ratooning ability. Being the largest agricultural commodity of the world with respect to total production, sugarcane biomass is abundantly available. Brazil has already become a sugarcane biofuels centered economy while Thailand, Colombia, and South Africa are also significantly exploiting this energy source. Other major cane producers include India, China, Pakistan, Mexico, Australia, Indonesia, and the United States. It has been projected that sugarcane biofuels will be playing extremely important role in world’s energy matrix in recent future. This book analyzes the significance, applications, achievements, and future avenues of biofuels and bioenergy production from sugarcane, in top cane growing countries around the globe. Moreover, we also evaluate the barriers and areas of improvement for targeting efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective biofuels from sugarcane to meet the world’s energy needs and combat the climate change.
Routes to Cellulosic Ethanol
The perception that civilization is crossing a period of Global Climatic Changes that can seriously threaten our lifestyle, along with energy security and the search for prosperity, are the main drivers that are pushing men to use more biomass as a source of energy. It will be crucial that such intent will include a large parcel of sustainability so that more renewable energy becomes available for populations. Because large amounts of energy are “hidden” in carbon polymers made by plants, notably carbohydrates, it is obvious that if technologies are developed to produce liquid fuels such as ethanol from carbohydrate polymers such as cellulose, men could significantly increase energy sustainability . This book reviews general aspects of biomass utilization for bioenergy production as well as strategies using biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry and physics to disassemble plant cell walls. Recent discoveries of basic science under development in several laboratories in the world are reviewed by experts that have been intensively working with many aspects that will impact the development of the technology of production of cellulosic ethanol.
