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Silicides were introduced into the technology of electronic devices some thirty years ago; since then, they have been continuously used to form both ohmic and rectifying contacts to silicon. Silicides are also important for other applications (thermoelectric devices and structural applications, such as jet engines), but it is not easy to find an updated reference containing both their basic properties, either chemical or physical, and the latest applications.The 16th Course of the International School of Solid State Physics, held in Erice (Italy) in the late spring of 1999, was intended to break artificial barriers between disciplines, and to gather people concerned with the properties and applications of silicides, regardless of the formal fields to which they belong, or of the practical goals they pursue. This book is therefore concerned with theory as well as applications, metallurgy as well as physics, and materials science as well as microelectronics.
Most of the genetic information in the world today comes from lesser developed countries, and is considered freely available to anyone because it is contained in natural organisms; when large multinational corporations take that free information and alter it, say to improve crop yield, that information is intellectual property protected behind barriers established by the developed home countries of the corporations, and so inaccessible to developing countries. Biotechnology, like the disastrous Green Revolution before it, reduces genetic diversity and makes crops vulnerable to sudden and devastating destruction by pests or changes in physical conditions. These and other issues associated with biotechnology in Latin America are discussed in nine studies, which also consider the political and economic relations among governments, companies, and academic research centers. No index. Paper edition (unseen), $16.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
O volume 1 de PALEONTOLOGIA: CENÁRIOS DE VIDA reúne estudos que relatam variadas manifestações de vida, suas evoluções e histórias geológicas. Assim, surgem os modelos de antigos ecossistemas no território brasileiro, no continente sul-americano e no supercontinente Gondwana. São contribuições não só para as questões práticas em áreas acadêmicas e operacionais das ciências biológicas e geológicas, como também são conhecimentos que no presente têm envolvimento com outras áreas das ciências políticas e sociais, diante das atuais ameaças mundiais de mudanças climáticas e extinção de espécies.
This volume explores the South Brazilian grasslands, a unique complex of ecosystems in Brazil. Despite high biodiversity and many important ecosystem services, their biodiversity and conservation are neglected, both nationally, and globally. This book provides a state-of-the-art synthesis of knowledge on the biodiversity and its drivers in South Brazilian grasslands and associated ecosystems. Further, the book discusses conservation challenges and options, as well as management strategies that help to maintain the region’s uniqueness. The chapters present information on biodiversity and ecological features of the region, and put this information into the context of historical and current human land uses, allowing for links to global discussions of conservation and sustainable development. Altogether, the book contains 20 chapters organized in four sections. The book is directed at researchers, students and professionals working with biodiversity and sustainable development in southern Brazil, as well as to the international scientific and conservation community interested in grasslands and associated ecosystems, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.
One of the goals of materials science is to design alloys with pre-specified desirable technological properties. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying materials behavior. In particular, one must understand the effects on alloy properties caused by intentional changes in concentration and how the combinations of temperature, time and uncontrollable foreign impurities affect microstructure. In addition to the equilibrium phase information contained in phase diagrams, nonequilibrium dynamic processes and metastable phases are known to be crucial in determining materials properties. This volume brings together researchers ...
The workshop entitled Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and other Spin Systems (S4) was held at Coolfont Resort and Health Spa. located near Berkley Springs West Virginia on May 20-23. 1991. There were over sixty attendees. approximately half from the United States. the remainder representing over twelve different countries. The international character of the workshop may be gleaned form the attendee list, included in this volume. The intent of the workshop was to bring together those experimentalists and theoreticians whose efforts have resulted in significant recent contributions to the development and use of the ac susceptibility technique as well as to the interpretation of data...
This comprehensive collection of lectures by leading experts in the field introduces and reviews all relevant computer simulation methods and their applications in condensed matter systems. Volume 1 is an in-depth introduction to a vast spectrum of computational techniques for statistical mechanical systems of condensed matter. Volume 2 is a collection of state-of-the-art surveys on numerical experiments carried out for a great number of systems.