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Custom as a Source of Law
A central puzzle in jurisprudence has been the role of custom in law. Custom is simply the practices and usages of distinctive communities. But are such customs legally binding? Can custom be law, even before it is recognized by authoritative legislation or precedent? And, assuming that custom is a source of law, what are its constituent elements? Is proof of a consistent and long-standing practice sufficient, or must there be an extra ingredient - that the usage is pursued out of a sense of legal obligation, or, at least, that the custom is reasonable and efficacious? And, most tantalizing of all, is custom a source of law that we should embrace in modern, sophisticated legal systems, or is the notion of law from below outdated, or even dangerous, today? This volume answers these questions through a rigorous multidisciplinary, historical, and comparative approach, offering a fresh perspective on custom's enduring place in both domestic and international law.
The Human Right to Water: Justice . . . or Sham?
Water is a matter of life and death. Advanced technology and engineering enable humans to gain better access to it. Nonetheless, the conditions and effort required to reach this goal remain colossal in many countries. Building a lasting infrastructure for adequate treatment before and after use is costly. Therefore, the author believes that a radical change of thinking among people around the world, from the domestic to the large-scale users, becomes a priority. Even if the United Nations entitles all people to justice for water, more responsible and ethical use of it by all interested parties is more important than the spreading of promises, which, in practice, may turn out to be a sham. Only a better understanding that access to water rests on the efforts of everyone, without exception, will reduce overuse, waste, and pollution of the indispensable resource. This volume, while written from a theological, philosophical, and legal perspective (focusing on John Calvin, John Rawls, and Paul Ricoeur), demonstrates that water cannot be merely understood as a human right, but also has to be dealt with from an economic point of view as well as under the authority of the Golden Rule.
Tocqueville and Beyond
This collection of essays by French and American historians testifies to the enduring importance of Alexis de Tocqueville's The Old Regime and the French Revolution, first published in 1856. Highly original in its day and now recognized as a classic, The Old Regime has since the 1970s stimulated considerable research and improved our understanding of the French Old Regime. Tocqueville and Beyond joins this trend to offer both an appreciation and critique of Tocqueville's remarkable book. From the wide-ranging perspectives of privileged nobles, men of letters, rural life, and the evolution of centralization and liberty in France as well as the Dutch Republic, these essays attest to the continuing significance of Tocqueville's classic study.
Constitutional Secularism in an Age of Religious Revival
Traditional models of constitutional secularism have struggled to accommodate the modern revival of religious politics. The concept has been criticised as empty or illegitimate, while political and legal struggles have contested its meaning. This book gathers leading experts to examine the scope and substance of constitutional secularism today.
L'Office du juge
Quel statut théorique allouer au pouvoir de juger au regard du pouvoir étatique ? Comment définir la nature et la forme des liens susceptibles de les articuler l'un à l'autre ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles tentent de répondre ici historiens et philosophes du droit. A l'origine de cette réflexion collective, il y a la diversité des réactions que suscitent les mutations actuelles qui marquent le rôle des juges. Au vu de la forme souvent " nationale " que revêtent ces différences, interroger l'histoire a semblé nécessaire, et c'est à celle de l'Etat français qu'ont été empruntées les formules permettant de caractériser deux des principaux modèles à partir desquels d...
L'exécution publique à Paris au XVIIIe siècle
Après avoir lu une dernière fois l'arrêt de mort, le greffier s'approche de la croix de Saint-André où le condamné est attaché. Il lui demande si de dernières déclarations restent à faire puis, en réponse à son silence, fait signe au bourreau que le temps est venu. La barre de fer s'abat, le corps est brisé. L'échafaud et le feu qui consumera le corps désarticulé offrent à la foule le spectacle de la justice. L'exécution publique à l'époque moderne a souvent été décrite par l'historiographie comme un théâtre de peur, de violence et d'obéissance selon Michel Foucault et les historiens qui s'en sont inspirés, elle réparait sur le corps du condamné la souveraineté ...
Religion, Secularism, and Constitutional Democracy
Polarization between political religionists and militant secularists on both sides of the Atlantic is on the rise. Critically engaging with traditional secularism and religious accommodationism, this collection introduces a constitutional secularism that robustly meets contemporary challenges. It identifies which connections between religion and the state are compatible with the liberal, republican, and democratic principles of constitutional democracy and assesses the success of their implementation in the birthplace of political secularism: the United States and Western Europe. Approaching this issue from philosophical, legal, historical, political, and sociological perspectives, the contr...
Legal history review
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Lendemains de guerre--
Les « après-guerre » ou les « lendemains de guerre » se limitent-ils à désigner une période de transition indéfinie, une simple parenthèse temporelle ? Ces lendemains appartiennent en fait à une temporalité singulière, distincte de la guerre et de la paix. Sorte de temps suspendu, l'après-guerre voit s'inscrire à la fois ruptures et continuités dans tous les domaines : sociaux, politiques, institutionnels, économique ou culturels, la liste n'est pas exhaustive. Si l'historiographie contemporaine accorde depuis longtemps à la thématique des « lendemains de guerre » une attention particulière, il s'agissait cette fois d'ouvrir le champ de recherche au temps long de l'histoire. L'ambition modeste de cet ouvrage n'est certes pas de faire une synthèse de tous les lendemains de guerre à toutes les époques et à toutes les échelles, mais d'offrir de nouveaux regards sur cette question universelle.
