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From Early Child Development to Human Development
"It is never too early to become involved but it can easily be too late.'Armed with such alarming statistics as 125 million primary-school age children are not in school; another 150 million children drop out of primary school before they complete four years of education; and almost one-half of the children in the least developed countries of the world do not have access to primary education; the World Bank convened a global conference in April 2000, to address the benefits and challenges of investing in early childhood development. Scientific studies now show how critical the first few years of a child's life are in terms of later physical and mental health, behavior, and capacity to learn....
Early Child Development in China
This book reviews the development status of zero- to six-year olds in China, assesses the equity of access to services, and explores policy options to serve disadvantaged children. It concludes that although China has achieved good indicators on health and education, there is a major gap in the provision of services to this age group.
From Early Child Development to Human Development
Investing in every child at an early age is an investment in human, and economic development for all. Children born in poverty are far more likely to grow undeveloped in both body, and mind. Science tells us that early child development (ECD) is critical, and marks a child for life, and, young children who are well nurtured, do better in school, and develop the skills to compete in a global economy. It is in this context that the Bank hosted a conference to review the state of knowledge on brain development, the link between ECD and human development, the standards of care to improve children's educational outcomes, the qualitative and quantitative measures of effective programs, and element...
Early Child Development from Measurement to Action
Prosperity in the world today depends on societies' nurturing of young children. Quality care (stimulation, health, and nutrition) during ages 0 - 5 has a decisive and long-lasting impact on a person's development, ability to learn, and capacity to regulate emotions. Cognitive and noncognitive (social and emotional) skills, set early in life, determine later success. New research in neurobiology and the behavioral and social sciences is converging to enhance this understanding of early child development. Recently, researchers noted epigenetic effects in brain development - that is, the interaction of environment (early experiences) with genetics to shape brain structure and function - that w...
Getting an Early Start on Early Child Development
The children born this year, 2004, will be eleven years old in 2015-the age of primary school completion in most countries. This is the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) generation-for whom the international community has pledged that by 2015, all children will be able to complete primary schooling. Ensuring good early child development is the first essential step toward achieving these goals. The note reviews the benefits of early child development (ECD), its options, and coverage by country and region, and provides lessons as follows. A strong institutional framework should be complemented by local capacity, and community participation, while ECD programs should be federally funded. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be in place, as an interactive process, responsive to local needs, and for effective outcomes.
From Neurons to Neighborhoods
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: An Update: Workshop Summary is based on the original study From Neurons to Neighborhoods: Early Childhood Development, which released in October of 2000. From the time of the original publication's release, much has occurred to cause a fundamental reexamination of the nation's response to the needs of young children and families, drawing upon a wealth of scientific knowledge that has emerged in recent decades. The study shaped policy agendas and intervention efforts at national, state, and local levels. It captured a gratifying level of attention in the United States and around the world and has helped to foster a highly dynamic and increasingly visible science...
Uganda's AIDS Crisis
Examines the economic problems that arise when governments own and operate enterprises that could be managed by the private sector. Despite more than a decade of divestiture, state-owned enterprises account for nearly as large a share of developing countries' economies today as twenty years ago. This report examines the economic problems that arise when governments own and operate enterprises that could be managed by the private sector. It finds that such enterprises are often inefficient and shows how the resulting losses to the economy hinder growth, making it harder for people to escape poverty. Why have reforms had such little impact? In an innovative study of the political economy of st...
Reforming the Energy Sector in Transition Economies
World Development Report 1995: Workers in an Integrating World addresses labor and employment--issues that are important for South Asia. Expanding employment and increasing the remuneration of workers are essential to poverty alleviation, which is the primary objective of all countries in the region. This regional perspective examines ways in which workers in South Asia can benefit from greater integration of the global economy through improving their skills or cushioning their transition to new jobs. The paper emphasizes that governments need to develop a framework for labor policies that defines the rights of employers, workers, and labor unions and the framework for collective bargaining and settlement of disputes. Liberalization will lead to market-based development, which is the best way to raise workers' living standards--it encourages firms and workers to invest in physical capital, new technologies, and skills.
The Broad Sector Approach to Investment Lending
The persistent inequality between women and men constrains society to lower levels of productivity and economic growth. The evidence for taking corrective action is now more compelling than ever. This report draws on case studies and other evidence to show how public policy can and should support services and infrastructure where the social returns are the highest and the use by women the greatest. It reviews progress made to date on gender issues and explores why inequalities persist. The report also stimulates ideas for creative solutions by pointing out innovative and less-than-obvious strategies that have proved successful. In Morocco, for instance, a study shows that paving the public road to school increases a girl's probability of attending classes by 40 percent. Also available: Toward Gender Equality: The Role of Public Policy on CD-ROM (ISBN 0-8213-3471-9) Stock No. 13471.
