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Metallocene Catalyzed Polymers
It has been estimated that within just ten years, over half of all polyolefins will be made by using metallocene catalysts. This ground-breaking volume from PDL brings togetherùfor the first timeùwork from dozens of world-renowned experts on the subject. Fifty chapters of peer-reviewed content offer insights into applications in automotive components, food packaging, insulating films, non-woven fabrics and medical markets, among others.
Metalorganic Catalysts for Synthesis and Polymerization
45 years after the discovery of transition metals and organometallics as cocatalysts for the polymerization of olefins and for organic synthesis, these compounds have not lost their fascination. The birthday of Karl Ziegler, the great pioneer in this metalorganic catalysis, is now 100 years ago. Polyolefins and polydienes produced by Ziegler-Natta catalysis are the most important plastics and elastomers. New impulses for the polymerization of olefins have been brought about by highly active metallocenes and other single site catalysts. Just by changing the ligands of the organometallic compounds, the structure of the polymers produced can be tailored in a wide manner. In invited lectures and posters, relevant aspects of the metalorganic catalysts for synthesis and polymerization are discussed in this book. This includes mechanism and kinetics, stereochemistry, material properties, and industrial applications.
Metallocene-catalysed Polymerisation
In this review the activation and deactivation of the metallocene catalysts are discussed, and the stability of metallocenes. In industrial processes metallocenes are generally used on supports such as silica, alumina or magnesium chloride. Each procedure for generating a supported metallocene affects the catalyst and thus the polymerisation process, affording new variations. The methods and effects of supporting metallocenes are discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further.
Metallocene-based Polyolefins, 2 Volume Set
In the last three years, research into the nature and strength of metallocene-based materials has exploded. This is the first and only book to provide comprehensive coverage of the developments and advances in the field by such major polyolefin companies as Dow, Exxon, and Montell. The authors begin with overviews of metallocene catalysis and metallocene-based polyolefins, then discuss all areas of the technology, from applications to end-products.
Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications
Second in the Metallocene series from PDL, this book focuses on the commercial use and process improvements of resins produced with metallocene, single site, and other modern catalytic methods. Research to broaden the scope of applications and shorten production cycles is presented. New and improved polymer blends resulting from the use of new catalysts and improved polymer compatibility are explored as well as new applications becoming possible due to improved and balanced properties. Current trends and the latest research from the international scientific and industrial community are presented in this volume. Chapters cover use in extrusion, film manufacture, injection molding, foam production, fiber spinning, composites and new applications. Precise testing methods, material characterization, polymer morphology and crystallization are the focus of another section of the book.
Organometallic Catalysts and Olefin Polymerization
"Catalysis is more art than science", probably all of you have heard and even used this expression. Whether it is true or not, it alludes to the experience that new catalysts are hard to find, and near impossible to predict. Hard work and a lifetime of experience is invaluable. However, a keen mind might give insight into where to search, but not necessarily about where to find the answers. Historically, "quantum leaps" have often arisen from serendipity - we all know the story about the nickel-contaminated reactor that triggered further research towards the first coordination catalyst for ethene polymerization. Taking advan tage of this event, Karl Ziegler became the first chemist to earn both a Nobel prize and a fortune for the same invention. A broken NMR tube helped Walter Kaminsky discover the effect of high concentrations of methylaluminoxanes as co catalysts for metallocenes. When air reacted with the concentrated trim ethyl aluminum solution, sufficient amounts of methylaluminoxanes were formed, and the lazy catalyst dormant in the NMR tube suddenly became sensationally active. Ziegler and Kaminsky were lucky and had the genius needed to take advantage of their luck.
Metallocene-based Polyolefins
The manufacture of polyolefins by metallocene catalysts represents a revolution in the polymer industry. The first, patent for a metallocene catalyst was filed in 1980 but it has been the last five years that have seen a dramatic increase in the volume of research into metallocenes and the maturing of metallocene technology. With contributions from leading experts from the US, Canada, Italy, Scandinavia, Germany and Japan, Metallocene-based Polyolefins gives comprehensive coverage of all areas of metallocene technology: catalyst structure, comonomer incorporation, polymerization mechanisms and conditions, reactor configurations, special properties, rheological and processing behaviour, comparison with conventional polyolefins and fields of application. An essential book for plastics engineers, polymer chemists, physicists, materials scientists and all those working in the plastics manufacturing and processing industries.
Beyond Metallocenes
The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous advances in the design and use of organometallic complexes as precatalysts for olefin polymerization. Most recently, an intense search has been started in next-generation single-site catalysts. New approaches have been taken to ligand design. This research has yielded extraordinary results such as catalysts with activities as high or higher than those of conventional metallocenes, stereospecific and living polymerizations, and amazing new polymer structures such as highly-branched ethylene homopolymers. This volume presents some of the recent disclosures in this exciting and rapidly expanding field, featuring papers by some of the leading investigators.
Catalyst Design for Tailor-Made Polyolefins
Recent development of olefin polymerization catalysts has caused marked changes in both industrial and academic research. Industrial use of homogeneous metallocene catalysts has already begun in the fields of high density polyethylene and syndiotactic polypropylene. Moreover, important data have been obtained from academic investigations which have proved useful for understanding conventional heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. From the industrial viewpoint, however, heterogeneous high-yield catalysts seem to be more important. The present volume contains invited lectures and contributed papers. The following topics are covered: (1) Heterogeneous Catalysts, (2) Metallocene Catalysts and (3) New Trends in the Polyolefin Industry.
Scoping Economics for the Commercial Manufacture of Metallocene Catalysts
This study assumes that commercial-scale production of propylene-based isotactic polymers with metallocene catalyst systems will become a reality. The challenge that must be overcome for commercial success with these propylene polymers is to discover a metallocene system recipe that will give sufficient catalyst activity along with the requisite stereo-selectivity at reasonable cost. Anticipating such a discovery, it is assumed here that the economics are well-represented by a catalyst system that consists in part of a silylene-bridged cyclopentadienyl zirconocene made in a batchwise process having an annual capacity of 15,000 pounds. Activation will be achieved with a cocatalyst such as met...
