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Analysis of the mechanical performance of pin-reinforced sandwich structures
The rising demand to reduce fuel consumption and the continuous increase of materials and manufacturing costs has obliged aircraft manufacturers to boost the use of composite materials and to optimise the manufacturing methods. Foam core sandwich structures combine the advantages of high bending properties with low manufacturing costs when liquid composite processes are used. However, the use of foam core sandwich structures is not widespread in aircraft applications due to the better weight-specific performance of honeycomb cores and the susceptibility to impact loading. In this context, pin reinforcements are added to the foam core to improve its mechanical properties and its damage tolerance. This work contributes to the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of pin-reinforced foam core sandwich structures under static and impact loading. Ultrasonic scan and micro-computed tomography are used to identify the different damage modes. The effect of very low temperature on the damage behaviour under impact loading is investigated. An explicit simulation model to predict the impact response of pin-reinforced foam core sandwich structures is also proposed.
Impregnation of stitched continuous carbon fibre textiles by Sheet Moulding Compounds
This thesis deals with the fibre impregnation of a carbon fibre reinforcement by a Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC). In the beginning, the carbon fibre reinforcement has no impregnation. Instead, the impregnation of the carbon fibre is performed by the resin within the SMC material during compression moulding. The combination leads to a Hybrid SMC composite, which is characterized by a high design freedom, good mechanical properties, and high production rates at the same time. The main objective of this study is the development of an analytical impregnation model for Hybrid SMC composites. The impregnation model predicts the final void content with regard to the properties of the semi-finished ...
A rapid virtual autoclave for carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Structural carbon fiber reinforced plastic parts are usually manufactured through autoclave processing for high-performance aerospace applications. Today’s aerospace composite manufacturing techniques require high quality with robust manufacturing processes. Manufacturing process simulation enables the investigations of physical effects and manufacturing process mechanisms. This approach has been increasingly used to predict and optimize the manufacturing process for high part quality at low manufacturing costs. Owing to a complicated manufacturing environment involving multi-physics characteristics, there is a critical need to develop an efficient and cost-effective numerical methodology ...
Forschungsberichte aus dem Faserinstitut Bremen | Band 74
Das Ziel des Projekts war die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Optimierung der Lastaufnahme von Faserverbund-Sandwichstrukturen durch Integration textiler Preformingverfahren in den Fertigungsprozess. Im Forschungsvorhaben wurde demonstriert, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Faserverbund-Sandwichstrukturen in Lasteinleitungsbereichen mit Fügeelementen, wie gewindefurchende Schrauben, durch lokale, lastgerechte Endlosfaserverstärkungen verbessert und dass die Belastbarkeit von Sandwichstrukturen in Dickenrichtung durch Vernähen erhöht sowie die Neigung zur Delamination gleichzeitig reduziert werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Endlosfasern entlang vorgesehener Lasteinleitungsbereic...
Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Weiterverwertung von Produktionsverschnitt aus unausgehärtetem Epoxidharz-Prepreg
Wie können Produktionsabfälle einer industriellen Faserverbundfertigung recycelt werden? Seit den frühen achtziger Jahren werden kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) in der Luftfahrtindustrie in großem Umfang eingesetzt. Erst jüngere Entwicklungen richteten den Fokus auch auf das Ende des Produktlebenszyklus, das Recycling dieser Werkstoffe. Zwar können CFK-Werkstoffe bereits heute mittels Thermolyse recycelt werden, dabei geht jedoch die Hälfte des Werkstoffes – der Polymeranteil – verloren. Die Arbeit widmet sich der Frage, wie CFK-Produktionsreste verlustfrei direkt weiterverwertet werden können und stellt technisch validierte Lösungen zur Verarbeitung sowie ein Modell zur analytischen Abschätzung der mechanischen Eigenschaften solcher Mehrphasenverbunde dar.
Structural and Failure Mechanics of Sandwich Composites
"Structural and Failure Mechanics of Sandwich Composites" by Leif A. Carlsson and George A. Kardomateas focuses on some important deformation and failure modes of sandwich panels such as global buckling, wrinkling and local instabilities, and face/core debonding. The book also provides the mechanics background necessary for understanding deformation and failure mechanisms in sandwich panels and the response of sandwich structural parts to a variety of loadings. Specifically, first-order and high-order sandwich panel theories, and three-dimensional elasticity solutions for the structural behavior outlined in some detail. Elasticity analysis can serve as a benchmark for judging the accuracy of...
Composite Manufacturing Technology
Some years ago in Paisley (Scotland) the International Conference on Composite Materials, headed by Professor I. Marshall, took place. During the conference, I presented a paper on the manufacturing and properties of the Soviet Union's composite materials. Soviet industry had made great achievements in the manufacturing of composite materials for aerospace and rocket applications. For example, the fraction of composites (predominantly carbon fibre reinforced plastics) in the large passenger aircrafts Tu-204 and 11-86 is 12-15% of the structure weight. The percentage by weight share of composites in military aircraft is greater and the fraction of composites (organic fibre reinforced plastics...
Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans
The most comprehensive psychiatric nursing care planning text available assists students and practitioners in providing effective care in a variety of settings. Clear presentation of information, consistent use of the nursing process, correlation of nursing and medical diagnoses, and prioritization of interventions make this text an invaluable resource. Grounded in the latest classification of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and the most current list of NANDA-approved nursing diagnoses, this text covers a wide range of disorders, their psychopathology, and appropriate nursing interventions with rationales. Care plans use real clinical situations and incl...
Broadband Planar Antennas
The increasing demand for wireless communications has revolutionised the lifestyle of today’s society and one of the key components of wireless technology is antenna design. Broadband planar antennas are the newest generation of antennas boasting the attractive features required, such as broad operating bandwidth, low profile, light weight, low cost and ease of integration into arrays or Radio Frequency (RF) circuits, to make them ideal components of modern communications systems. Research into small and broadband antennas has been spurred by the rapid development of portable wireless communication devices such as cell phones, laptops and personal digital assistants. This all-encompassing ...
