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Medicines are vital in improving patient health outcomes and pharmaceutical policy is a fundamental component of any health system. However, the global pharmaceutical policy is ever-evolving and data and quality ‘research-based information’ in this field are scarce. This book fills this gap and provides up-to-date empirical information and evidence-based synthesis. It focuses on pertinent key issues in global pharmaceutical policy including medicines safety, generic medicines, pharmaceutical supply chain, medicines financing, access and affordability of medicines, rational use of medicines, pharmacy health services research and access to vaccines and biological products. Featuring policy case studies from varied countries such as Mexico, Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan, this book comprises a valuable and comprehensive resource for students, funders, policymakers, academics, and researchers interested in this field.
This book introduces STARZ-DRP as an approach that has been brought to attention as a possible course of action in the pharmacy practice. The approach is notified as a competent process to manoeuvre the community pharmacists into performing a wide range of extended pharmacy services. It is hoped that this approach can help them enhance their image as medication protectors in the healthcare system.
This Edited Volume "Consumer Behavior and Marketing" is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of psychology. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research area. All chapters are complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors and open new possible research paths for further novel developments.
This book explains, in a simple and practical way, how and when the diabetic patient should conduct self-management activities. These include healthy eating, physical activity, the consumption of medication, the monitoring of blood glucose level, the cessation of smoking, and foot care, among others. Such activities can help the patient to establish a level of control over their condition, and thus reduce the risk of developing serious complications. As such, this book will be of particular interest to diabetic patients and their family members, as it will provide them with further information in their fight against diabetes. Additionally, it will also appeal to physicians, pharmacists and nurses as a guide for their work in educating diabetic patients.
A comprehensive and granular insight into the challenges of promoting rational medicine, this book serves as an essential resource for health policy makers and researchers interested in national medicines policies. Country-specific chapters have a common format, beginning with an overview of the health system and regulatory and policy environments, before discussing the difficulties in maintaining a medicines supply system, challenges in ensuring access to affordable medicines and issues impacting on rational medicine use. Numerous case studies are also used to highlight key issues and each chapter concludes with country-specific solutions to the issues raised. Written by highly regarded academics, the book includes countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and South America.
This book is a compilation of past and recent knowledge in the field of emerging drug resistance. The book covers major aspects of drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, malaria, and cancer.Human survival on earth is constantly threatened by disease and syndrome. From the early days, the aim of research in medicine was to find therapeutic agents that can improve the quality of human life. Although humans are dependent on natural compounds from early days their dependence of drugs increased excessively in last century. The advances in chemistry and biology have helped researchers to identify the drugs that have improved treatment of many diseases. The primary factor for treatment of these diseases is dependent on the efficacy of drugs available. The development of resistance to these drugs is one of the major hindrances. Although there are number of books available on this topic, “drug resistance” biology across kingdoms has never been discussed in a coherent way.
Some two decades will shortly have passed since the WTO's Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement came into force in 1995. This volume is the first cross-country analysis of how TRIPS has affected the capacity of 11 major low or medium income countries to produce generic drugs.
Otak manusia berada di tempat yang paling atas dan ditutupi dengan lapisan-lapisan kulit, tulang, dura, araknoid dan pia. Terdapat lubang tertentu pada tulang untuk membenarkan sambungan antara otak dengan saraf tunjang, saraf dan salur darah. Otak juga dikelilingi oleh cecair yang dinamakan cecair otak. Dengan adanya lapisan-lapisan dan cecair tersebut, maka otak dilihat sebagai organ yang istimewa dan mesti dilindungi dari perkara luaran. Kajian menunjukkan kandungan otak adalah 70% cecair dan 30% pepejal; 60% pepejal otak terdiri daripada lemak. Oleh yang demikian, walaupun cecair otak adalah sedikit, apungan tetap ada di dalam tengkorak otak. Apabila diteliti, posisi otak juga membengkok...
This book on marketing continues to reflect our firm belief that the Wheel of Consumer Analysis is a powerful tool not only for organizing consumer behaviour knowledge but also for understanding consumers and for guiding the development of successful marketing strategies. In fact, it has been used by marketing consultants and practitioners to do so. The various chapters presented here follow several approaches, which researchers can explore in different contexts. This book intends to contribute to a better understanding of the application areas of marketing strategies and shows how these business practices in social sciences can stimulate various topics.