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This is the fifth in a series initiated in 1989 by the International Commission for Optics (ICO). These books, which are published every three years, highlight the advances in optics that are underway at the time of their publication. These are a collection of significant contributions from leading scientists and engineers throughout the world. It shows the diverse role optics play in modern society, with optics now taking its place along with mechanical, thermal, electrical and electronic options, in order to bring solutions. The world is coming to recognize the ubiquitous nature of optics and its primarily enabling role in our everyday world.
A chronicle of America's intensive shipbuilding programme during World War II, this explores the development of revolutionary construction methods and the recruitment, training, housing and union activities of the workers.
This volume contains two major articles, one providing a historical retrosp- tive of one of the great triumphs of nuclear physics in the twentieth century and the other providing a didactic introduction to one of the quantitative tools for understanding strong interactions in the twenty-first century. The article by Igal Talmi on “Fifty Years of the Shell Model – the Quest for the Effective Interaction”, pertains to a model that has dominated nuclear physics since its infancy and that developed with astonishing results over the next five decades. Talmi is uniquely positioned to trace the history of the Shell Model. He was active in developing the ideas at the shell model’s inception,...
Germany's merchant marine fleet -- the second largest in the world prior to 1914 -- played an unintended but decisive role in that nation's defeat in World War I. There were those ships that went to war for the Kaiser on the high seas, those that stayed at home or otherwise played no significant part, and those that were commandeered (mostly in 1917 and by the United States) and used against Germany. This is a well illustrated history, both practical and romantic, of the association each ship may have had with famous people and events of the war, and of the fates of the ships that comprised that fleet.
Introduction / M. Shifman -- Introducing Boris Ioffe / B.V. Geshkenbein -- Boris Lazarevich Ioffe is 75 / I.B. Khriplovich -- ch. 1. Pages of the past. A top secret assignment / B.L. Ioffe. Editor's comments. Snapshots from the 1950's / Yu. F. Orlov -- ch. 2. The making of QCD. Quantizing the Yang-Mills field / L.D. Faddeev. The discovery of asymptotic freedom and the emergence of QCD / D.J. Gross. Editor's note. Recollections on dimensional regularization and related topics / C.G. Bollini. Historical curiosity: how asymptotic freedom of the Yang-Mills theory could have been discovered three times before Gross, Wilczek, and politzer, but was not / M. Shifman -- ch. 3. From hadrons to nuclei:...
Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an authoritative overview on electromagnetic interactions. It describes the main features of the experimental data and the theoretical ideas used in their interpretation, and is an essential reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics and electromagnetic interactions.
PCR is the most widely used technique in molecular biology. New PCR variants offering substantial benefits to existing protocols appear on a frequent basis. PCR: Methods Express describes the very latest PCR-based methodologies and approaches to provide the most up-to-date practical advice on how to tackle a broad range of biological problems including: *real time qRT-PCR *rapid generation of gene targeting constructs *PCR multiplexes *PCR-based mutagenesis *identification of microdeletions and microduplications *DNA methylation analysis *forensic genetic DNA typing *genotyping *identification of mutations in single cells *whole genome amplification *diagnosis of infectious diseases *inverse PCR-based RFLP This book is a comprehensive research guide; every chapter discusses the merits and limitations of the available approaches and then provides fully-proven protocols with hints and tips for success. PCR: Methods Express is an essential laboratory manual for researchers in all life science fields and at all levels, from postgraduate student to principal investigator.
9 MHDTurbulence in the Heliosphere: Evolution and Intermittency 253 Bruno Bavassano, Roberto Bruno and Vincenzo Carbone 1 Introduction 254 2 MHD Turbulence Evolution 255 2. 1 Ecliptic Turbulence 256 2. 2 Polar Turbulence 258 2. 3 Conclusions on Turbulence Evolution 263 3 Intermittency 264 3. 1 Probability Distribution Functions of Fluctuations and Self-similarity 269 3. 2 Radial Evolution of Intermittency 271 3. 3 Identifying Intermittent Events 273 3. 4 Conclusions on Intermittency 277 10 283 Waves and Turbulence in the Solar Corona Eckart Marsch 1 Introduction 284 2 Coronal Magnetic Field Structures 284 3 Magnetic Network Activity and Coronal Heating 287 4 Waves and Flows in Loops and Funn...