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Although sustainable intensification (SI) practices such as intercropping of cereals with legumes are believed to offer productivity benefits to farmers, the adoption of cereal-legume intercropping remains low in Malawi. We use dynamic programing to assess the impact of four key constraints that smallholder farmers face. These constraints are i) land, ii) labor, ii) input market access and iv) output market access. We use the model to evaluate farmers’ optimal production plans across six scenarios in which these constraints are relaxed and compare their production plans across these scenarios. The farmer’s decision process given these alternative scenarios is modeled to assess the impact of these constraints on SI adoption decisions. Our model preliminary results suggest that both resource (land and labor) and institutional constraints (access to input and output market) play a key role in influencing smallholder farmers’ SI adoption decisions. The model results help to illustrate how labor constraints, land constraints and limited access to input and output market affect smallholders’ adoption of cereal-legume intercropping in Malawi.
This study examines the adoption of sustainable agricultural intensification practices— particularly cereal-legume intercropping—by smallholder farming households in Malawi. The focus of the study is on how spatial variation in key factors related to agricultural production and marketing influences farming households’ decision-making processes under risk. Separate analyses are done for six distinct agroecological zones in Malawi to evaluate how resource and market constraints affect farming households’ decisions to employ intercropping practices on their cropland and how the variations in these constraints have differing impacts on adoption of intercropping across different regions. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of smallholder farming choices in diverse geographic contexts.
The Kenya Gazette is an official publication of the government of the Republic of Kenya. It contains notices of new legislation, notices required to be published by law or policy as well as other announcements that are published for general public information. It is published every week, usually on Friday, with occasional releases of special or supplementary editions within the week.
The Kenya Gazette is an official publication of the government of the Republic of Kenya. It contains notices of new legislation, notices required to be published by law or policy as well as other announcements that are published for general public information. It is published every week, usually on Friday, with occasional releases of special or supplementary editions within the week.
A directory to the universities of the Commonwealth and the handbook of their association.
In den 1960er Jahren wurde „Entwicklung“ zu einem universalen Ziel und umkämpften Politikfeld im Spannungsverhältnis von Kaltem Krieg, Dekolonisierung und konkurrierenden Sozialismen. Die Regierung Tansanias setzte beim Aufbau eines eigenständigen Afrikanischen Sozialismus auch auf Expertise, Kredite und Stipendien aus Ost und West. Diese Unterstützung galt als Notwendigkeit, aber auch als Bedrohung, konnte es sich beim Entwicklungspersonal aus kapitalistischen und kommunistischen Ländern doch immer um „trojanische Pferde“ handeln. Wie übersetzten sich die Rivalitäten und konkurrierenden Ideen tatsächlich in die Praxis? In globalhistorischer Perspektive diskutiert dieses Buch...
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