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Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitroge...
This volume comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 2022 (ICAAAIML 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and their advanced applications in computer vision and blockchain. It also covers research in core concepts of computers, intelligent system design and deployment, real-time systems, WSN, sensors and sensor nodes, software engineering, image processing, and cloud computing. This volume will provide a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Since the first edition of Nitrogen in the Environment published in 1983, it has been recognized as the standard in the field. In the time since the book first appeared, there has been tremendous growth in the field with unprecedented discoveries over the past decade that have fundamentally changed the view of the marine nitrogen cycle. As a result, this Second Edition contains twice the amount of information as contained in the first edition. This updated edition is now available online, offering searchability and instant, multi-user access to this important information. *The classic text, fully updated to reflect the rapid pace of discovery*Provides researchers and students in oceanography, chemistry, and marine ecology an understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle*Available online with easy access and search - the information you need, when you need it
Marine systems vary in their sensitivities to perturbation.Perturbation may be insidious – such as increasingeutrophication of coastal areas – or it may be dramatic– such as a response to an oil spillage or some otheraccident. Climate change may occur incrementally or it may beabrupt, and ecosystem resilience is likely to be a complex functionof the interactions of those assemblages or species mediating keybiogeochemical processes. Biogeochemistry of Marine Systems considers issues ofmarine system resilience, focusing on a range of marine systemsthat exemplify major global province types but are also interestingand topical in their own right, on account of their sensitivity tonatural or anthropogenic change or their importance as ecologicalservice providers. Authors concentrate on advances of the lastdecade.
This well-received book, now in its fifth edition, presents the subject matter in a pedagogically sound manner with focus on teaching problem-solving. The specific needs of these students have influenced the selection of topics for inclusion in the book. The book provides students with a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts with due emphasis on developing skills to solve exercise problems aimed at both testing and extending the knowledge of the students. Divided into 23 chapters, the book comprises topics on four major areas—mechanics, optics, electricity and electronics, and modern physics including quantum mechanics and lasers. In this fifth edition two new chapters on Acoustics and Heat and Thermodynamics are incorporated to widen the coverage and enhance the usefulness of this text. This book is intended for the undergraduate students of physics as well as for the first-year engineering students of several disciplines.
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The image is modified based on Figure 1a of Lucey et al. (this Research Topic) and Figure 7b of Niemi et al. (this Research Topic). (A) Graphical depiction of atmospheric warming and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2atm), which drives ocean warming, contribute to the decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO), and lowers pH and saturation state index of calcium carbonate (Ω). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increases due to increasing atmospheric CO2 that is absorbed into the seawater (i.e., ocean acidification), along with other biological processes in the marine environment. (B) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showing dissolution on pteropod shells collected in the Amundsen Gulf in the Canadian Arctic, in 2017. Lucey N, Haskett E and Collin R (2020) Multi-stressor Extremes Found on a Tropical Coral Reef Impair Performance. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:588764. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.588764 Niemi A, Bednaršek N, Michel C, Feely RA, Williams W, Azetsu-Scott K, Walkusz W and Reist JD (2021) Biological Impact of Ocean Acidification in the Canadian Arctic: Widespread Severe Pteropod Shell Dissolution in Amundsen Gulf. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:600184. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.600184
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine, 4-8 October 2003
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Examines the global interaction between military-civil fusion and the fourth industrial revolution, and how it affects military innovation.