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The use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an interesting approach to optimize the production of both first- and second-generation ethanol. It may be applied on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to enhance the fermentation pathway and on the lignocellulosic biomass to increase sugar release. HHP has a wide effect on many biological processes, such as growth, division and cellular viability. Actually, conformation, stability, polymerization and depolymerization of proteins are affected by HHP as well as lipid packaging. Moreover, transcriptional profile analysis indicates an activation of the general stress response. In yeast, HHP higher than 100¬†MPa leads to significant morphological and physiological alteration, and loss of cellular viability occurs over 200¬†MPa. A yield rate increase in ethanol production occurs at pressures of 10,Äì50¬†MPa, but over 87¬†MPa alcoholic fermentation is interrupted.
We are delighted to present the inaugural Frontiers in Immunology “Women in Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity” series of article collections. At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research in particular. Science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensure sustainable development as highlighted by UNESCO. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue STEM careers.
DISRUPT 4.0. Filipina Women: BEING examines the leadership philosophy, styles, and traits of Filipina women leaders in a complex diaspora environment through individual life stories. With the rise of anti-Asian hate, this book's many authors provide a deep understanding of their struggles in bridging Filipino and global cultures in the workplace. The leadership stories are around three themes:1) Liberation - Learning the right to live life as they've always wanted but couldn't because of the debilitating pressures of culture and outside forces.2) Transformation - Discovering the internal shifts that aligned with her highest potential3) Change - Experiencing new and exciting things that impac...
From Popular Medicine to Medical Populism presents the history of medical practice in Costa Rica from the late colonial era—when none of the fifty thousand inhabitants had access to a titled physician, pharmacist, or midwife—to the 1940s, when the figure of the qualified medical doctor was part of everyday life for many of Costa Rica’s nearly one million citizens. It is the first book to chronicle the history of all healers, both professional and popular, in a Latin American country during the national period. Steven Palmer breaks with the view of popular and professional medicine as polar opposites—where popular medicine is seen as representative of the authentic local community and...