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Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation
5. Actors and contexts
Red Eagle: The Army in Polish Politics, 1944 - 1988
The rise of the Polish army elite had a profound effect on the Communist Party. Many current changes stem from the tougher attitudes the Polish military under Jarulzelski took toward Solidarity. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
War and Diplomacy in East and West
The New York Times said of Józef Hieronim Retinger that he was on intimate terms with most leading statesmen of the Western World, including presidents of the United States. He has been repeatedly acknowledged as one of the principle architects of the movement for European unity after the World War II, and one of the outstanding creative political influences of the post war period. He has also been credited with being the dark master behind the so-called "Bilderberg Group," described variously as an organization of idealistic internationalists, and a malevolent global conspiracy. Before that, Retinger involved himself in intelligence activities during World War II and, given the covert and semi-covert nature of many of his activities, it is little wonder that no biography has appeared about him. This book draws on a broad range of international archives to rectify that.
Power and Military Effectiveness
Since 1815 democratic states have emerged victorious from most wars, leading many scholars to conclude that democracies are better equipped to triumph in armed conflict with autocratic and other non-representative governments. Political scientist Michael C. Desch argues that the evidence and logic of that supposition, which he terms “democratic triumphalism,” are as flawed as the arguments for the long-held and opposite belief that democracies are inherently disadvantaged in international relations. Through comprehensive statistical analysis, a thorough review of two millennia of international relations thought, and in-depth case studies of modern-era military conflicts, Desch finds that...
The Long Shadow of World War II
2020 marks 75 years since the end of World War II, yet even as the war slips from living memory, its legacies continue to influence current political and military thinking. This anthology will analyze these legacies for a number of countries and regions including China, Russia, the United States, the Near East, and Germany illustrating in detail how World War II is not merely a historical event, but a defining moment for current military and political thinking around the globe. This book will therefore be of interest for those interested in history, but also political and military decision makers, and followers of current political and military affairs.
Falaise Pocket
Originally published: Stroud: Sutton, 2004.
Poland in Crisis
None
Falaise Pocket
Following the German counter-attack at Mortain on 6 August 1944, Generals Omar Bradley and Bernard Montgomery decided to engage in a wide encircling movement, to trap the enemy divisions which had advanced so far westwards. American XV Corps entered Le Mans on 9 August and then advanced rapidly northwards, capturing Alencon before moving towards Ecouche, then Argentan. Meanwhile, Montgomery had broken the German front south of Caen despite stiff resistance. The Canadians and the Poles of General Maczeck's 1st Armoured Division bore down on Falaise, eventually capturing the town on 16 August. They then accelerated their advance, seeking to meet American forces moving northwards. With over 100,000 Germans in danger of encirclement, Hitler gave the order for a general withdrawal. Under the combined pressure of the Americans and French to the south, the Americans and British to the west and the Canadians and Poles to the north, the net inexorably tightened. American and Polish units linked up at Chambois as Canadian and Polish forces attempted to plug the remaining gaps in a series of ferocious actions. With Allied artillery and air power taking a heavy toll, the Germans' retreat gradu
Dynamics and Obstacles of European Governance
This book examines some of the major origins of change in institutions and policies in European governance. The authors combine a sophisticated institutional analysis with in-depth insights into European policies across a wide variety of policy fields. The fields examined are higher education, employment, research, police co-operation, as well as foreign affairs, trade, energy, and security and defence policy. Presenting the fruit of years of collaboration in an EU-funded Research Training Network, the authors expand the mechanisms through which political actors transform apparent deadlock into actual change in European policy making.
