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P.P. Ewald and His Dynamical Theory of X-ray Diffraction
Paul Ewald's 1916-1917 masterpiece "On the Foundations of Crystal Optics" described the self-consistent interaction of electromagnetic waves with crystals on a molecular level. While astonishing in its detailed predictions for X-ray diffraction, full appreciation of the theory and its utility had to await much later advances in measurement techniques and crystal growth. Today, concepts introduced in the theory--now known as the Ewald sphere, Ewald summation, and Ewald-Oseen extinction--have become mainstays in diverse areas of modern physics. This memorial volume, with contributions by leading figures in the field, is an affectionate survey of Ewald's life, scientific work, and leading role in the international crystallographic community. Historians of science, and particularly of solid state physics and crystallography, will find this volume a compelling and fascinating tribute to this important scientist.
Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction
Origin, Scope, and Plan of this Book In July 1962 the fiftieth anniversary of Max von Laue's discovery of the Diffraction of X-rays by crystals is going to be celebrated in Munich by a large international group of crystallographers, physi cists, chemists, spectroscopists, biologists, industrialists, and many others who are employing the methods based on Laue's discovery for their own research. The invitation for this celebration will be issued jointly by the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where the discovery was made, by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, where it was first made public, and by the International Union of Crystallo graphy, which is the international organization of the...
Paul Ewald
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On the Foundations of Crystal Optics
The reports investigates the propagation of light in the visible region through a crystalline medium. In Part I, the objective is to determine if the anisotropic arrangement of ordinary (isotropic) dipoles at the nodal points of an orthorhombic lattice would account for the existence of double refraction. Some features of the traditional 'theory of dispersion' are disclosed and clarified. In part II, a crystalline medium is considered as filling a half- space and having a plane boundary at z=0. A plane optical wave is incident on this medium. Because of the linearity of the equations it has to be superimposed on the field originating in the crystal. It is shown that this incident optical wave is actually prevented from entering the crystal because of the modification produced in the field of the crystal by the introduction of a boundary. Material Added 1970. The conclusion that the incident optical field cannot penetrate the crystal boundary, together with a similar conclusion in a paper by Oseen, is the basis of the Ewald-Oseen Extinction Theorem.
