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The Rare Disease Gazette #19
The journal Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) in collaboration with Fondation Ipsen delivers international science webinars for the general public. In 2023, these webinars focused on advocacy in rare diseases. The Rare Disease Gazette is a magazine that broadcasts these discussions. In this edition, Erika Berg, PhD, hosts a conversation about advocacy in rare disease: Taking care of caregivers. There are more than 10 million caregivers across the UK. About 12% of the population of Northern Ireland contributes more than 2.4 million hours of unpaid work per week. And yet supporting caregivers is so neglected.
The problem of age, growth and death
The subject of age has ever been one which has attracted human thought. It leads us so near to the great mysteries that all thinkers have contemplated it, and many are the writers who from the literary point of view have presented us, sometimes with profound thought, often with beautiful images connected with the change from youth to old age. We need but to think of two books familiar more or less to us all, that ancient classic, Cicero's De Senectute, the great book on age, one might almost say, from the literary standpoint, and that of our own fellow-citizen, my former teacher and professor at the Medical School, Dr. Holmes, who in his delightful 'Autocrat' offers to us some of his charming speculations upon age. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Charles Sedgwick Minot (1852-1914) was an American anatomist and embryologist known for his significant contributions to the fields of biology and medicine.
The stages in the social history of capitalism
The term “capitalism” is generally applied to the system under which the instruments of production are the property of private owners, who usually employ managers and manual workers to carry out production by their means... A word first of all to indicate clearly the point of view which characterizes the study. I shall not enter into the question of the formation of capital itself, that is, of the sum total of the goods employed by their possessor to produce more goods at a profit. It is the capitalist alone, the holder of capital, who will hold our attention. My purpose is simply to characterize, for the various epochs of economic history, the nature of this capitalist and to search for his origin. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Henri Pirenne (1862-1935) was a Belgian historian who made significant contributions to the field of medieval history.
Leonardo da Vinci
When psychoanalytic investigation, which usually contents itself with frail human material, approaches the great personages of humanity, it is not impelled to it by motives which are often attributed to it by laymen. It does not strive "to blacken the radiant and to drag the sublime into the mire"; it finds no satisfaction in diminishing the distance between the perfection of the great and the inadequacy of the ordinary objects... Leonardo da Vinci was admired even by his contemporaries as one of the greatest men of the Italian Renaissance, still even then he appeared as mysterious to them as he now appears to us. An all-sided genius, "whose form can only be divined but never deeply fathomed...
The production of sound
This book deals with the works of Graham Bell and other scientists on the phenomena of sound and its production. “In bringing before you some discoveries made by Mr. Sumner Tainter and myself, which, having resulted in the construction of apparatus for the production and reproduction of sound by means of light, it is necessary to explain the state of knowledge which formed the starting-point of our experiments. I shall first describe the remarkable substance selenium, and the manipulations devised by various experimenters; but the final result of our researches has extended the class of substances sensitive to light-vibrations, until we can propound the fact of such sensitiveness being a general property of all matter.” ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist, teacher of the deaf, and innovator who is best known for inventing the telephone.
The origin of human speech
Speech is so familiar a feature of daily life that we rarely pause to define it. It seems as natural to man as walking, and only less so than breathing. Yet it needs but a moment’s reflection to convince us that this naturalness of speech is but an illusory feeling. The process of acquiring speech is, in sober fact, an utterly different sort of thing from the process of learning to walk... One theory is that primitive words were imitative of sounds: man copied the barking of dogs and thereby obtained a natural word with the meaning of ‘dog’ or ‘bark.’ To this theory, nicknamed the bow-wow theory, Renan objects that it seems rather absurd to set up this chronological sequence: first...
The Pithecanthropus Erectus
In many respects, the discovery of the Pithecanthropus erectus appears to be one of the most important since the Neanderthal skull was brought to light in 1857, and hence the main facts concerning it deserve early notice in this Journal. This memoir contains a full description, with illustrations, of part of a skull, a molar tooth, and a femur, found in the later Tertiary strata of Java, and pertaining to a large anthropoid ape, which is believed to represent a new genus and family intermediate between the Simiidæ and Hominidæ. This would make it a veritable "missing link" between the higher apes and man, the discovery of which has so long been confidently predicted by many anthropologists. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Eugène Dubois (1858-1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and anatomist known for his significant contributions to the study of human evolution. Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899) was an American paleontologist and vertebrate paleontologist known for his extensive work on dinosaur fossils during the late 19th century.
Why some succeed while others fail
Two ways are open before you in life. One points to degradation and want, the other, to usefulness and wealth. In the old Grecian races one only, by any possible means, could gain the prize, but in the momentous race of human life there is no limiting of the prize to one. No one is debarred from competing; all may succeed, provided the right methods are followed. Life is not a lottery. Its prizes are not distributed by chance. There can hardly be a greater folly, not to say presumption, than that of so many young men and women who, on setting out in life, conclude that it is no use to mark out for themselves a course, and then set themselves with strenuous effort to attain some worthy end; w...
The influence of diet on endurance and general efficiency
Experimental study of the physiological needs of the body for food has indicated that the real requirements of the system, especially for proteid foods, are far below the amounts called for by existing dietary standards, and still farther below the customary habits of the majority of mankind. The ability of the body to maintain a condition of physiological equilibrium, with a true nitrogen balance, etc., on a relatively small amount of nitrogenous food, would seemingly imply that the large surplus so generally consumed constitutes an entirely uncalled-for drain upon the system, as well as upon the pocket of the individual, and without any compensatory gain. In our experimental study of this question, observations on many individuals have extended over such long periods of time that there is apparently perfect safety in the conclusion that the new dietary standards which aim to conform to the true needs of the body are perfectly adapted to maintain health, strength and vigor indefinitely.
The warfare of science in medicine
Of all the triumphs won by science for humanity, few have been farther-reaching in good effects than the modern treatment of the insane. But this is the result of a struggle long and severe between two great forces. On one side have stood the survivals of various superstitions, the metaphysics of various philosophies, the dogmatism of various theologies, the literal interpretation of various sacred books, and especially of our own, all compacted into a creed that insanity is mainly or largely demoniacal possession; on the other side has stood science, gradually accumulating proofs that insanity is always the result of physical disease. This book deals with the history of this warfare, or rather of this evolution of truth out of error. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Andrew Dickson White (1832-1918) was an American diplomat, historian, and educator.
