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Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia
Overweight and obesity constitute a major global epidemic that has grown substantially. They are particularly alarming in Saudi Arabia, where more than half of the adult population is overweight and one out of five people are obese. Additionally, the prevalence of all noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)--such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers--has increased substantially in recent decades, and today they are the leading cause of disability and death in the country. While the causes of overweight and obesity are complex and numerous, several innovative and multisectoral evidence-based interventions are emerging globally. Saudi Arabia has already embarked on the design and implemen...
Noncommunicable Diseases in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is at an early stage of its demographic transition to an older population, and so it has an opportunity to prepare early for a rising noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic. NCDs, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases and their associated behavioral risk factors—tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity—are an increasing economic and public health challenge. An aging population is expected to significantly increase the prevalence of NCDs and the related demand for costlier health care services. Interventions and reforms to prevent NCDs, and to minimize current and future treatment costs, are needed now, particularly i...
Food policies and obesity in low and middle income countries
Understanding the public health implication of fiscal policies is crucial to combat recently increasing overweight and obesity rates in many low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly tariff rates on “unhealthy” foods, including sugar and confectionery products as well as fats and oils, and governments’ subsidies on individuals’ body weight outcomes. We compile several macro- and micro-level datasets that provide for several LMICs macro-level information on food policies and micro-level anthropometric data. We exploit temporal dynamics in tariff rates on “unhealthy” foods and governments’ spending on subsidies to estima...
Universal Food Security
What would it take to achieve a genuinely food-secure world—one without hunger or malnutrition, where everyone gets to consume the right quantity and quality of food to live a healthy, active, and productive life? Bringing about such a future requires transforming how our food is grown, managed, and distributed. From production to consumption, food systems must be sustainable, halting environmental degradation and even repairing the damage we have previously done. This book provides an accessible guide to making healthy diets from sustainable food systems available to all. Glenn Denning bridges the divisive worlds of science, policy, and practice. He synthesizes the most relevant literatur...
Understanding Coronaviruses
While many scientists believed influenza would cause the next great pandemic, no one was prepared for the new strain of coronavirus that appeared in 2019. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has infiltrated every country and put global public health and the economy at risk. Health-care systems have been pushed to the limit as protective gear, life-saving equipment, tests, and vaccines are scarce and in high demand. From the initial infection to the widespread impact on daily life, Understanding Coronaviruses examines the intricacies of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and how they compare to previous viruses and pandemics.
Altered Destinies
Growth is forecasted to slow down for the Middle East and North Africa region. The war in Ukraine in 2022 exacerbated inflationary pressures as the world recovered from the COVID 19 pandemic-induced recession. The response by central banks to raise rates to curb inflation is slowing economic activity, while rising food prices are making it difficult for families to put meals on the table. Inflation, when it stems from food prices, hits the poor harder than the rich. Moreover, food insecurity in MENA has been rising over decades. The immediate effects of food insecurity can be a devastating loss of life, but even temporary increases in food prices can cause long-term irreversible damages, especially to children. The rise in food prices due to the war in Ukraine may have altered the destinies of thousands of children in the region, setting them on paths to limited prosperity. Food insecurity imposes challenges to a region where the state of child nutrition and health were inadequate before the shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic. The report discusses policy options and highlights the need for data to guide effective decision making.
La transformación de los sistemas alimentarios de América Latina y el Caribe en el contexto de la agenda 2030 y de la crisis del COVID 19 reflexiones institucionales y de políticas públicas
El sector agropecuario y en un sentido más amplio, los sistemas alimentarios, están en un proceso de ajuste y transformación impulsado por factores estructurales que se tratan de analizar en este trabajo. Al mismo tiempo, la crisis sanitaria desatada por el COVID 19 y sus consecuencias económicas y sociales, aunque no alteran los desafíos estructurales y de largo plazo, plantean la necesidad de atender las demandas urgentes para asegurar el suministro de alimentos saludables y en forma sostenible para la población. Esto, a su vez, es la condición esencial para poder sostener las medidas sanitarias puestas en ejecución por los gobiernos para superar la pandemia. Además de esta introd...
Der Nahe Osten in einer globalisierten Welt
Der Nahe Osten wird häufig als Krisenregion wahrgenommen. Die sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Veränderungen, Terrorismus und Staatszerfall, die Folgen des Arabischen Frühlings und des Klimawandels stellen die Staaten dieser Region vor große Probleme. Dieser Band informiert über diese Bereiche hinaus fundiert über vernachlässigte und langfristige Entwicklungslinien jenseits der schnellen Schlagzeile. Die Beiträge beleuchten transnationale Dynamiken und Herausforderungen, vor denen die Schlüsselstaaten der Region stehen. Ebenso wird der Einfluss externer Akteure, etwa der USA, der Europäischen Union, der Vereinten Nationen sowie Russlands und Chinas analysiert.
Digitalisation: Opportunities and Challenges for Business
This book addresses the implications of technology, entrepreneurship, and business development gadgets for applications in societies. In this book proceedings, we attempt to address the importance and impact of digitalization and on business development in the context of economic diversity, that is through various propositions of modern technology and entrepreneurial actions, and through the lens of case studies, experiments, empirical assessments, just to name a few research methodological stances and approaches. This book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, entrepreneurship, business administration, accounting, and economics that ca...
An Investment Framework for Nutrition
An Investment Framework for Nutrition: Reaching the Global Targets for Stunting, Anemia, Breastfeeding, and Wasting estimates the costs, impacts, and financing scenarios to achieve the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for stunting, anemia in women, exclusive breastfeeding and the scaling up of the treatment of severe wasting among young children. To reach these four targets, the world needs US$70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions. This investment would have enormous benefits: 65 million cases of stunting and 265 million cases of anemia in women would be prevented in 2025 as compared with the 2015 baseline. In addition, at least 91 m...
