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As the vast expanses of natural forests and the great populations of salmonids are harvested to support a rapidly expanding human population, the need to understand streams as ecological systems and to manage them effectively becomes increasingly urgent. The unfortunate legacy of such natural resource exploitation is well documented. For several decades the Pacific coastal ecoregion of North America has served as a natural laboratory for scientific and managerial advancements in stream ecology, and much has been learned about how to better integrate ecological processes and characteristics with a human-dominated environment. These in sightful but hard-learned ecological and social lessons ar...
Whether tributary habitat improvements have achieved, or are likely to achieve, the goal of recovering conditions favoring the production of salmonids in the Columbia River Basin is unclear. This report reviews the approaches, assessment procedures, and implementation strategies for habit improvement. It examines topics central to the recovery of tributary habitat: (1) the biological objectives related to habitat recovery; (2) the strategies for implementing restoration; (3) the incentives for implementing restoration; (4) the scientific foundation for habitat recovery; and (5) monitoring and evaluation. This review answers the question: What concepts and strategies should be incorporated in habitat recovery actions to improve their chances for success? Illus.
Animals such as wolves, sea otters, and sharks exert a disproportionate influence on their environment; dramatic ecological consequences can result when they are removed from—or returned to—an ecosystem. In The Wolf's Tooth, scientist and author Cristina Eisenberg explores the concept of "trophic cascades" and the role of top predators in regulating ecosystems. Her fascinating and wide-ranging work provides clear explanations of the science surrounding keystone predators and considers how this notion can help provide practical solutions for restoring ecosystem health and functioning. Eisenberg examines both general concepts and specific issues, sharing accounts from her own fieldwork to ...