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The Nature of the Effect of Set on Tachistoscopic Recognition
Subjects were required to decide whether or not a briefly presented picture of a common object was the same as a specified alternative. The alternative was presented either before the stimulus exposure or after it. In experiment 1 the alternative was either the picture of an object or the name of an object. In experiment 2 the subjects were shown all of the stimulus pictures, for 10 seconds each, 24 hours prior to the experimental session. During the experimental session, the subjects were presented with name alternatives either before or after the stimulus flash. Results are discussed with regard to the questions of the nature and locus of the effect of set on tachistoscopic recognition.
Intellectual Performance Under Stress
This contract continued research programs funded from 1 June 1963 under contracts AF 49(638)-1235 and AF 49(638)-1736. One of the general objectives was to establish a permanent research facility for the investigation of human performance capabilities and limitations that are of importance for the performance of men in a wide variety of man-machine systems. The effort within the present contract program has been directed more and more to the perceiving and remembering functions, with increasingly heavy emphasis on cognitive and intellectual factors and skills.
The Interpretation of Reaction Time in Information Processing Research
The report discusses the use of reaction time measures in modern experimental psychology. Methodological and theoretical issues are raised concerning the logic of experimentation in which reaction time is the major dependent variable and the limitations of interpretation of reaction time in the presence of variable error rates. The relationship between the speed and the accuracy of performance and theoretical models underlying this relation are also discussed. (Author).
Cognitive Theory
First published in 1978. This volume of Cognitive Theory is the product of the ninth annual conference of mathematical and cognitive psychologists held at Indiana University in April 1976.
Attention and Performance Viii
First published in 1980. This is a volume of the proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Attention and Performance held in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, from August 20th to 25th 1978.
An Analysis of Elizabeth F. Loftus's Eyewitness Testimony
Understanding evidence is critical in a court of law – and it is just as important for critical thinking. Elizabeth Loftus, a pioneering psychologist, made a landmark contribution to both these areas in Eyewitness Testimony, a trail-blazing work that undermines much of the decision-making made by judges and juries by pointing out how flawed eyewitness testimony actually is. Reporting the results of an eye-opening series of experiments and trials, Loftus explores the ways in which – unbeknownst to the witnesses themselves – memory can be distorted and become highly unreliable. Much of Loftus’s work is based on expert use of the critical thinking skill of interpretation. Her work not only highlights multiple problems of definition with regard to courtroom testimony, but also focuses throughout on how best we can understand the meaning of the available evidence. Eyewitness Testimony is arguably the best place in the Macat library to begin any investigation of how to use and understand interpretation.
