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Biomedical Ethics Perspectives in the Indian Context
1. Bioethics: History and Evolution of Codes and Guidelines 2. Informed Consent Process 3. Ethics of Research Involving Children 4. Ethical Issues in Epidemiological Studies 5. Research Ethics in Participants with Mental Illness 6. Ethics of International Collaboration in Biomedical and Health Research: An Indian Perspective 7. Ethical Issues in Assisted Reproductive Technologies 8. Status of Traditional Medicine: Integrative and Ethical Perspectives in India 9. Ethical Considerations in Organ and Tissue Transplantation 10. Ethical Practices and Guidelines for Animal Experimentation in Biomedical Research Index
Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health
This WHO Guidance document discusses ethical and governance issues as they arise in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for health. It contains a set of principles, recommendations, and checklists for selected end-users. The target audience is Ministries of Health, AI developers, health care workers, and industry.
Facilitating research ethics review during outbreaks
In September 2022, in tandem with the Global Summit of National Ethics Committees [LINK] in Lisbon, Portugal, the Health Ethics & Governance Unit hosted a workshop to explore experiences of research ethics review during COVID-19 with representatives from over 20 countries. The objectives of the meeting were: - to identify what worked and did not work in terms of research ethics review during COVID-19; - to discuss clinical trial designs such as adaptive trials and their impact on research ethics review during COVID-19; - to draft recommendations for various stakeholders and a report on the workshop findings; and - to contribute to a possible revision of WHO’s guidance for research ethics c...
Equitable Research Partnerships
This open access book offers insights into the development of the ground-breaking Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (GCC) and the San Code of Research Ethics. Using a new, intuitive moral framework predicated on fairness, respect, care and honesty, both codes target ethics dumping – the export of unethical research practices from a high-income setting to a lower- or middle-income setting. The book is a rich resource of information and argument for any research stakeholder who opposes double standards in research. It will be indispensable for applicants to European Union framework programmes, as the GCC is now a mandatory reference document for EU funding.
Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: large multi-modal models. WHO guidance
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of algorithms integrated into systems and tools to learn from data so that they can perform automated tasks without explicit programming of every step by a human. Generative AI is a category of AI techniques in which algorithms are trained on data sets that can be used to generate new content, such as text, images or video. This guidance addresses one type of generative AI, large multi-modal models (LMMs), which can accept one or more type of data input and generate diverse outputs that are not limited to the type of data fed into the algorithm. It has been predicted that LMMs will have wide use and application in health care, scientific research, public health and drug development. LMMs are also known as “general-purpose foundation models”, although it is not yet proven whether LMMs can accomplish a wide range of tasks and purposes.
Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centres for Bioethics
In 2009 WHO established its Global Network of Collaborating Centres for Bioethics. This publication provides an overview of the activities of the Network during the years 2019-2021.
Research Ethics in Epidemics and Pandemics
Zusammenfassung: This open access casebook addresses complex and important ethical challenges arising when health-related research in conducted in the context of epidemics and pandemics. This book provides contextually-rich real-world case studies illustrating research ethics issues encountered by researchers, ethics reviewers and regulators around the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. The accompanying commentaries outline relevant conceptual approaches and ethical considerations. These promote understanding and reflection on relevant ethical issues, ethical approaches and competing considerations in a manner supporting thoughtful evaluation of their implications for practice. As such the casebook is relevant to academic and professional audiences with an interest in global health, research ethics, and outbreaks and epidemics
WHO consultation towards the development of guidance on ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health
The present document is the report of the first expert meeting, which was held 2–4 October 2019 at WHO in Geneva. Participants discussed current and potential artificial intelligence (AI) applications for global health in the context of existing frameworks and human rights standards. The participants considered the main challenges of ethics, governance and equitable access and discussed potential solutions. The expert meeting has established a foundation for the second meeting which was held on 5 and 6 March 2020 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The publication of the WHO guidance document on Ethics and governance of AI for health is envisaged for completion in 2021.
The role of artificial intelligence in sexual and reproductive health and rights
This technical brief provides an overview of the landscape surrounding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and highlights the related risks, implications and policy considerations. Considering the rapidly evolving nature of AI, this brief seeks to provide clarity in understanding how AI is being applied in SRHR and flag key issues to ensure AI is used effectively, inclusively and responsibly. This document targets implementers, policy-makers, technology developers, funding agencies, implementing partners and researchers working at the intersection of AI and SRHR and aims to facilitate joint understanding among these stakeholders.
