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Structured Surfaces as Optical Metamaterials
Optical metamaterials are an exciting new field in optical science. A rapidly developing class of these metamaterials are those that allow the manipulation of volume and surface electromagnetic waves in desirable ways by suitably structuring the surfaces they interact with. They have applications in a variety of fields, such as materials science, photovoltaic technology, imaging and lensing, beam shaping and lasing. Describing techniques and applications, this book is ideal for researchers and professionals working in metamaterials and plasmonics, as well as those just entering this exciting new field. It surveys different types of structured surfaces, their design and fabrication, their unusual optical properties, recent experimental observations and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert in that area, giving the reader an up-to-date overview of the subject. Both the experimental and theoretical aspects of each topic are presented.
Technology Innovation for the Circular Economy
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY The book comprises 56 peer-reviewed chapters comprehensively covering in-depth areas of circular economy design, planning, business models, and enabling technologies. Some of the greatest opportunities for innovation in the circular economy are in remanufacturing, refurbishment, reuse, and recycling. Critical to its growth, however, are developments in product design approaches and the manufacturing business model that are often met with challenges in the current, largely linear economies of today’s global manufacturing chains. The conference hosted by the REMADE Institute in Rochester, NY, brought together U.S. and international researchers, ...
Physics of Negative Refraction and Negative Index Materials
This book deals with the subject of optical and electronic negative refraction (NR) and negative index materials NIM). Diverse approaches for achieving NR and NIM are covered, such as using photonic crystals, phononic crystals, split-ring resonators (SRRs) and continuous media, focusing of waves, guided-wave behavior, and nonlinear effects. It is perhaps the most comprehensive book on the new class of negative refraction materials, covering all aspects of negative refraction and negative index materials.
Salts of Amino Acids
Over the last decades, amino acids have been found to be of importance in many fields of science. Apart from their biological function, this family of organic compounds has been employed in the synthesis of a vast variety of salts, with impact on areas such as materials science, pharmaceutical or physical research. This covers a wide range, from the discovery of important ferroelectrics or non-linear optical materials to nutrients, flavor enhancers or drugs. This book describes amino acids and their salts with cations, anions and inorganic compounds from a chemical, physical and crystallographical point of view. Additional data on structural properties, crystal growth and the relation of structure and physical properties of amino acid salts is discussed.
Advanced High Voltage Power Device Concepts
The devices described in “Advanced MOS-Gated Thyristor Concepts” are utilized in microelectronics production equipment, in power transmission equipment, and for very high power motor control in electric trains, steel-mills, etc. Advanced concepts that enable improving the performance of power thyristors are discussed here, along with devices with blocking voltage capabilities of 5,000-V, 10,000-V and 15,000-V. Throughout the book, analytical models are generated to allow a simple analysis of the structures and to obtain insight into the underlying physics. The results of two-dimensional simulations are provided to corroborate the analytical models and give greater insight into the device operation.
Modeling in Membranes and Membrane-Based Processes
The book Modeling in Membranes and Membrane-Based Processes is based on the idea of developing a reference which will cover most relevant and “state-of-the-art” approaches in membrane modeling. This book explores almost every major aspect of modeling and the techniques applied in membrane separation studies and applications. This includes first principle-based models, thermodynamics models, computational fluid dynamics simulations, molecular dynamics simulations, and artificial intelligence-based modeling for membrane separation processes. These models have been discussed in light of various applications ranging from desalination to gas separation. In addition, this breakthrough new volu...
World Englishes in Asian Contexts
This is the first English-language book to focus on the electric rice cooker and the impact it has had on the lives of Asian people. This account of the rice cooker's globalization aims to move away from Japan-centric perspectives on how "Made in Japan" products made it big in the global marketplace, instead choosing to emphasize the collaborative approach adopted by one Japanese manufacturing giant and a Hong Kong entrepreneur. The book also highlights the role Hong Kong, as a free port, played in the rice cooker's globalization and describes how the city facilitated the transnational flow of Japanese appliances to Southeast Asia, China, and North America. Based on over 40 interviews conduc...
Intellectual Property Issues in Life Sciences
Intellectual Property Issues in Life Sciences: Disputes and Controversies highlights emerging legal, social, and regulatory issues pertaining to various areas of life sciences. Patents occupy a prominent position in the innovation systems in the life sciences, but to what extent they support, or hinder innovation is widely disputed. Life science is a broad subject including agriculture, ecology, microbiology, plant and animal sciences, health and diseases, biotechnology, etc. However, despite the broad applications of biotechnology and molecular biology techniques, profits on investments are surprisingly low. Thus, it is vitally important for universities, public research organizations, and ...
Relaxation Dynamics in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas
1. Prof. Masahiro Wakatani and fusion research in his days / K. Itoh. Magnetic relaxation and self-organization in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. 2. An introduction to mean field dynamo theory / D. W. Hughes and S. M. Tobias. 3. Origin, structure and stability of astrophysical MHD jets / P.-Y. Longaretti -- Turbulence and turbulent transport - the agents of relaxation and structure formation. 4. A tutorial on basic concepts in MHD turbulence and turbulent transport / P. H. Diamond, S.-I. Itoh and K. Itoh. 5. Intermittency like phenomena in plasma turbulence / A. Das, P. Kaw and R. Jha. 6. Nonlinear cascades and spatial structure of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence / W.-C. Müller and R. Grappin. 7. Scale covariance and scale-ratio covariance in turbulent front propagation / A. Pocheau -- Transport bifurcations and relaxation. 8. Transport barrier relaxations in tokamak edge plasmas / P. Beyer. 9. Dynamics of edge localized modes / X. Garbet ... [et al.]. 10. On the onset of collapse events in toroidal plasmas turbulence trigger / K. Itoh ... [et al.].
Cultures, Contexts, and World Englishes
This volume aims to familiarize readers with the varieties of world Englishes used across cultures and to create awareness of some of the linguistic and socially relevant contexts and functions that have given rise to them. It emphasizes that effective communication among users of different Englishes requires awareness of the varieties in use and their cultural, social, and ideational functions. Cultures, Contexts and World Englishes: demonstrates the rich results of integrating theory, methodology and application features critical and detailed discussion of the sociolinguistics of English in the globalized world gives equal emphasis to grammar and pragmatics of variation and to uses of Englishes in spoken and written modes in major English-using regions of the world. Each chapter includes suggestions for further reading and challenging discussion questions and appropriate research projects designed to enhance the usefulness of this volume in courses such as world Englishes, English in the Global Context, Sociolinguistics, Critical Applied Linguistics, Language Contact and Convergence, Ethnography of Communication, and Crosscultural Communication.
