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Solitons
In the twenty years since Zabusky and Kruskal coined the term ``soliton'', this concept changed the outlook on certain types of nonlinear phenomena and found its way into all branches of physics. The present volume deals with a great variety of applications of the new concept in condensed-matter physics, which is particularly reached in experimentally observable occurrences. The presentation is not centred around the mathematical aspects; the emphasis is on the physical nature of the nonlinear phenomena occurring in particular situations.With its emphasis on concrete, mostly experimentally verifiable cases, ``Solitons'' constitutes a very readable and instructive introduction to the subject as well as an up-to-date account of current developments in a field of research reaching maturity.
Phase Transitions and Adsorbate Restructuring at Metal Surface
The objective in initiating this series in 1980 was to provide an in-depth review of advances made in the understanding key aspects of surface chemistry and physics through the application of new techniques to the study of well-defined surfaces. Since then the field of surface science has greatly matured, and further important techniques, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have been successfully assimilated into the applications armoury of the surface scientist. The present volume is a series of timely reviews by many of the current experts in the field of phase transitions and adsorbate-induced surface restructuring. No aspect of the science of solid surfaces can be fully understood ...
Video-Based Rendering
Driven by consumer-market applications that enjoy steadily increasing economic importance, graphics hardware and rendering algorithms are a central focus of computer graphics research. Video-based rendering is an approach that aims to overcome the current bottleneck in the time-consuming modeling process and has applications in areas such as comput
Advanced Processes for 193-nm Immersion Lithography
This book is a comprehensive guide to advanced processes and materials used in 193-nm immersion lithography (193i). It is an important text for those new to the field as well as for current practitioners who want to broaden their understanding of this latest technology. The book can be used as course material for graduate students of electrical engineering, material sciences, physics, chemistry, and microelectronics engineering and can also be used to train engineers involved in the manufacture of integrated circuits. It provides techniques for selecting critical materials (topcoats, photoresists, and antireflective coatings) and optimizing immersion processes to ensure higher performance and lower defectivity at lower cost. This book also includes sections on shrinking, trimming, and smoothing of the resist pattern to reduce feature sizes and line-edge roughness. Finally, it describes the recent development of 193i in combination with double exposure and double patterning.
Surface Diffusion
The interest in the problem of surface diffusion has been steadily growing over the last fifteen years. This is clearly evident from the increase in the number of papers dealing with the problem, the development of new experimental techniques, and the specialized sessions focusing on diffusion in national and international meetings. Part of the driving force behind this increasing activity is our recently acquired ability to observe and possibly control atomic scale phenomena. It is now possible to look selectively at individual atomistic processes and to determine their relative importance during growth and reactions at surfaces. The number of researchers interested in this problem also has...
Atomistic Aspects of Epitaxial Growth
Epitaxial growth lies at the heart of a wide range of industrial and technological applications. Recent breakthroughs, experimental and theoretical, allow actual atom-by-atom manipulation and an understanding of such processes, opening up a totally new area of unprecedented nanostructuring. The contributions to Atomistic Aspects of Epitaxial Growth are divided into five main sections, taking the reader from the atomistic details of surface diffusion to the macroscopic description of epitaxial systems. many of the papers contain substantial background material on theoretical and experimental methods, making the book suitable for both graduate students as a supplementary text in a course on epitaxial phenomena, and for professionals in the field.
Elementary Physicochemical Processes on Solid Surfaces
vi industrial process or a class of catalysts forms the basis of other books, with information on: fundamental science of the topic, the use of the pro cess or catalysts, and engineering aspects. Single topics in catalysis are also treated in the series, with books giving the theory of the underlying science, and relating it to catalytic practice. We believe that this approach is giving a collection of volumes that is of value to both academic and industrial workers. The series editors welcome comments on the series and suggestions of topics for future volumes. Martyn Twigg Michael Spencer Billingham and Cardiff Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ....
Surface Mobilities on Solid Materials
The surface of solids had long been considered simply the external boundary which determined the outside appearance of the solids but had no intrinsic character of its own. The concept that surfaces have specific properties and are the first and foremost means of communication between individual things and the rest of the universe is fairly new, coming into prominence only in the early sixties. This new concept of surface properties was the result of a vast accumulation of knowledge due to recent development of research in this area. This breakthrough of surface science resulted from the combined action of four factors: (i) control of surface sample prep aration, (ii) control of the surface'...
Pattern Recognition
Sometimes milestones in the evolution of the DAGM Symposium become immediately visible. The Technical Committee decided to publish the symposium proceedings completely in English. As a consequence we successfully negotiated with Springer Verlag to publish in the international well accepted series “Lecture Notes in Computer Science”. The quality of the contributions convinced the editors and the lectors. Thanks to them and to the authors. We received 105 acceptable, good, and even excellent manuscripts. We selected carefully, using three reviewers for each anonymized paper, 58 talks and posters. Our 41 reviewers had a hard job evaluating and especially rejecting contributions. We are grat...
