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Scientific Advice to European Policy in a Complex World
We live in a complex and ambiguous world, where trust in both science and politics can be put into question - where scientific evidence is dismissed and policy decisions contested on the assumption of partiality and private interests. Nevertheless, at present the role of science is crucial to inform policy-making in order to provide clarity and assess the consequences of policy options in a systematic way. In order to ensure that trust in science is maintained, science advice needs to be provided in an impartial, reliable, relevant and transparent way, following a set of principles and building on existing best practices. This scientific opinion, informed by a scientific evidence review repo...
Scientific Advice to European Policy in a Complex World
We live in a complex and ambiguous world, where trust in both science and politics can be put into question - where scientific evidence is dismissed and policy decisions contested on the assumption of partiality and private interests. Nevertheless, at present the role of science is crucial to inform policy-making in order to provide clarity and assess the consequences of policy options in a systematic way. In order to ensure that trust in science is maintained, science advice needs to be provided in an impartial, reliable, relevant and transparent way, following a set of principles and building on existing best practices. This scientific opinion, informed by a scientific evidence review repo...
Science Advisory Mechanism
SAM aims to match the Commission's short, medium and long term demands for independent scientific evidence and advice by drawing upon the best available expertise across Europe and across disciplines. At its core, a group of seven high level independent scientific advisors, covering a broad scope of expertise, link the Commission with the leading voices of the scientific community. Taking into account the diversity of approaches across Member States, SAM features a structured approach to capture the wealth of multidisciplinary expertise of the European academies and other scientific bodies. This mechanism complements the extensive and diverse advisory system which underpins EU policies, of which the Joint Research Centre and a number of specialised European Agencies are key players.
Scientific Advice to Policy Making
Are there connections between the structures of political systems and types of scientific advice to policymak - ing? This volume unites case studies from the Netherlands, France, the European Union and the USA that provide an overview of different institutional arrangements, focusing on issues such as the independence and balance of advice. Common to all is the question which forms of advice can increase the rationality of policymaking without loss of political legitimacy. From the Contents: Mark B. Brown: Federal Advisory Committees in the United States Paul den Hoed and Anne-Greet Keizer: The Scientific Council for Government Policy David Demortain: Designing Regulatory Tools for Pharmaceutical and Food Safety in the European Union Laurent Geffroy, Odile Piriou and Bénédicte Zimmermann: Scientific Expertise in Policy-Making: The Case of Work Policy in France Willem Halffman: The Dutch ́ ́Planning Bureaus ́ ́
Towards European Science
Since the European Research Area was launched at the beginning of the century, significant efforts have been made to realise the vision of a coherent space for science and research in Europe. But how does one define such a space and measure its development? This timely book analyses the dynamics of change in the policy and governance of science and research within Europe over the past decade. It widens the scope of traditional policy analysis by focusing attention on the interaction between policy rationales, new governance mechanisms, and the organisational dynamics of the scientific field. The contributors build a novel analytical framework to understand the European research space as one ...
Towards a Sustainable Food System
The present EU food system provides a high level of food security, food safety and wide consumer choice. Its environmental, economic and social sustainability are by contrast poor. Maintaining 'business as usual' will endanger natural resources, our health, the climate, and the economy. This scientific opinion provides advice on how to achieve a sustainable food system. The advice is informed by a scientific evidence review report and supporting systematic literature review by the SAPEA (Science Advice for Policy by European Academies) consortium. This scientific opinion recommends making environmental, social and economic sustainability the central objective of all policies relevant to food, in which 'food' is viewed more as a common good than a commodity. It calls on the European Commission to: be the engine that drives change in the EU and beyond, taking an active, step-wise and fully integrated approach; address power and information asymmetries in the food system and support a food environment that helps citizens to make sustainable choices; use a well-balanced policy mix in an iterative, responsive and adaptive manner, considering binding policy measures as the main drivers.
Principles and Practices for Using Scientific Advice in Government Decision Making
This report characterizes the international responses to the changing demands on the science policy process. Chapter 1 discusses the role of science advice in government decision making with regard to such issues as the science/policy interface, the decision-making environment, internal procedures & outside advice, quality control, risk assessment, science communications, and science in a social context. Chapters 2 & 3 review the key elements of different systems of science advising, best practices, and approaches to risk assessment & public communications in the European Union, New Zealand, the Nordic Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, the World Bank, and national science academies. Chapter 4 contains case studies that examine the effective use of different principles for the incorporation of science into decision making. The final chapter reviews the main points & lessons learned.
The Politics of Scientific Advice
Controversies over issues such as genetically engineered food, foot-and-mouth disease and the failure of risk models in the global financial crisis have raised concerns about the quality of expert scientific advice. The legitimacy of experts, and of the political decision-makers and policy-makers whom they advise, essentially depends on the quality of the advice. But what does quality mean in this context, and how can it be achieved? This volume argues that the quality of scientific advice can be ensured by an appropriate institutional design of advisory organisations. Using examples from a wide range of international case studies, including think tanks, governmental research institutes, agencies and academies, the authors provide a systematic guide to the major problems and pitfalls encountered in scientific advice and the means by which organisations around the world have solved these problems.
Science for Public Policy
Since World War II, national and international policy makers have been confronted by a growing number of complex problems the resolution of which hangs, to a significant degree, on scientific knowledge or technical insights. This puts a premium on the quality and clarity of scientific/technical advice they receive. From their vantage points as scientists, policy makers or science advisors from both East and West, the authors of this book examine the issues involved in science for public policy and explore ways to improve the quality and timeliness of the scientific advice available to decision makers. Environmental problems provide much of the focus for the analysis.
