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Epigenetics
Modern epigenetics unites scientists from life sciences, organic chemistry as well as computer and engineering sciences to find an answer to the question of how environmental influences can have a lasting effect on gene expression, maybe even into the next generations. This volume examines from an interdisciplinary perspective the ethical, legal and social aspects of epigenetics.
The Impact of Health Care
Pluralism has become the defining characteristic of many modern societies. Not only a plurality of individual and social claims and activities gain impacts on societal life. A creative pluralism of institutions and their norms profoundly shape our moral commitments and character – notably the family, the market, the media, and systems of law, religion, politics, research, education, health care, and defense. In the theoretical, empirical, and historical contributions to this volume, specialists on medicine, medical ethics, psychology, theology and health care discuss the many challenges that major transformations in their areas of expertise pose to the communication and orientation in late modern pluralistic societies. Contributors come from Germany, the USA and Australia.
Imagined Futures in Science, Technology and Society
Imagining, forecasting and predicting the future is an inextricable and increasingly important part of the present. States, organizations and individuals almost continuously have to make decisions about future actions, financial investments or technological innovation, without much knowledge of what will exactly happen in the future. Science and technology play a crucial role in this collective attempt to make sense of the future. Technological developments such as nanotechnology, robotics or solar energy largely shape how we dream and think about the future, while economic forecasts, gene tests or climate change projections help us to make images of what may possibly occur in the future. Th...
Social Robotics and the Good Life
Robots as social companions in close proximity to humans have a strong potential of becoming more and more prevalent in the coming years, especially in the realms of elder day care, child rearing, and education. As human beings, we have the fascinating ability to emotionally bond with various counterparts, not exclusively with other human beings, but also with animals, plants, and sometimes even objects. Therefore, we need to answer the fundamental ethical questions that concern human-robot-interactions per se, and we need to address how we conceive of »good lives«, as more and more of the aspects of our daily lives will be interwoven with social robots.
From Photography to fMRI
Hysteria, a mysterious disease known since antiquity, is said to have ceased to exist. Challenging this commonly held view, this is the first cross-disciplinary study to examine the current functional neuroimaging research into hysteria and compare it to the nineteenth-century image-based research into the same disorder. Paula Muhr's central argument is that, both in the nineteenth-century and the current neurobiological research on hysteria, images have enabled researchers to generate new medical insights. Through detailed case studies, Muhr traces how different images, from photography to functional brain scans, have reshaped the historically situated medical understanding of this disorder that defies the mind-body dualism.
Scheitern
INDES 2/2023 widmet sich im Schwerpunkt dem »Scheitern«. Höher, schneller, weiter – moderne Gesellschaften sind auf Erfolg ausgerichtet, feiern die Erfolgreichen und eifern ihrem Vorbild nach. Zwar hat zumindest in der Wirtschaft und in Selbstoptimierungsworkshops (mittlerweile) auch Misserfolg durchaus seinen Platz und Sinn – allerdings meist als Lerngelegenheit und damit Sprungbrett für künftiges Gelingen. Wie aber verhält es sich mit fundamentalem Scheitern, mit Misserfolgen und Fehlern, die sich auch mit größtmöglichem Optimismus nicht als »wertvolle Lernerfahrung« auf dem Weg zu letztlich noch besseren Ergebnissen – eben: Erfolg – (um)deuten lassen? Überhaupt: Müssten wir angesichts endlicher Ressourcen und elementarer Bedrohungen nicht spätestens jetzt unsere (gesellschaftlichen) Erfolgsmaßstäbe infrage stellen? Die aktuelle INDES versucht, zur Klärung von derlei Fragen beizutragen. Im Fokus steht das Scheitern in der Politik; daneben interessieren uns aber auch Perspektiven auf Misserfolg in Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, Literatur, Musik und Psychologie.
Kinship, law and religion
This monograph examines the Iranian and Shia legal debates on technologies of assisted reproduction (including embryo donation and surrogacy) and looks at the regulations and implementation of these technologies in Iran. In particular, it addresses: 1) an analysis of the moral reasoning embedded in the Shia theological legal discourse on reproductive technology and how this tradition interprets assisted reproduction with a particular focus on underlying concepts, structure and principles of kinship; 2) the emergence and development of the relevant legislation, regulations and administrative policies and how this might shape the relationship between civil and religious law in Iran, and 3) the ways in which reproductive technology is used and understood with particular focus on underlying values, local narratives and the resulting societal dynamics. The methodological approach for this research is a combination of extensive ethnography and textual analysis of important academic and religious seminary publications in Iran, from Shia jurisprudence (fiqh) and Persian histories to the analysis of laws and verdicts.
Epigenetik
Innerhalb der letzten zehn Jahre hat sich die Epigenetik als ein Zweig der Molekulargenetik herausgebildet und erlebt einen regelrechten Hype. Die moderne Epigenetik vereint Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus den Lebenswissenschaften, der organischen Chemie, der Informatik und den Ingenieurwissenschaften bei der Beantwortung der Frage, wie Umwelteinflüsse die Genexpression langfristig und bis in die folgenden Generationen beeinflussen können. Der Band untersucht die wenig beachteten ethischen, rechtlichen und sozialen Aspekte der Epigenetik aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive.
