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Conflict, Heritage and World-Making in the Chaco
Conflict, Heritage and World-Making in the Chaco documents and interprets the physical remains and afterlives of the Chaco War (1932–35) – known as South America’s first ‘modern’ armed conflict – in what is now present-day Paraguay. It focuses not only on archaeological remains as conventionally understood, but takes an ontological approach to heterogeneous assemblages of objects, texts, practices and landscapes shaped by industrial war and people’s past and present engagements with them. These assemblages could be understood to constitute a ‘dark heritage’, the debris of a failed modernity. Yet it is clear that they are not simply dead memorials to this bloody war, but have been, and continue to be active in making, unmaking and remaking worlds – both for the participants and spectators of the war itself, as well as those who continue to occupy and live amongst the vast accretions of war matériel which persist in the present.
Mala guerra
La guerra del Chaco (Paraguay - Bolivia, 1932-35) ha sido convencionalmente pensada como un conflicto entre Estados modernos que se habría desarrollado sobre un espacio vacío, el desierto verde de los manuales escolares. Una abundante bibliografía se ha ocupado de estudiar y analizar los elementos logísticos, militares, diplomáticos y sociales de la guerra : todo sigue ocurriendo como sí los ejércitos no hubiesen encontrado en su camino más rastro de vida humana que el de algún desertor emboscado. La guerra ha sido retrospectivamente “blanqueada” y las poblaciones indígenas han desaparecido, subrepticiamente, del teatro de batalla. No sólo esta operación ha permitido conforta...
Waiting Territories in the Americas
Mobility and displacement are major characteristics of contemporary societies. These population shifts are far from fluid, homogeneous or linear, but are, instead, interspersed with a range of longer or shorter periods of waiting. Whether these intervals are technically, administratively or politically motivated, they are often understood in spatial terms: waiting societies have a territorial dimension. This volume examines and assesses the many forms that waiting territories take, in order to better understand their various juridical statuses, their relationships with their spatial environment and specific forms of temporality, and the various economic and social relationships which they fo...
Shamanism and Vulnerability on the North and South American Great Plains
In Shamanism and Vulnerability on the North and South American Great Plains Kathleen Bolling Lowrey provides an innovative and expansive study of indigenous shamanism and the ways in which it has been misinterpreted and dismissed by white settlers, NGO workers, policymakers, government administrators, and historians and anthropologists. Employing a wide range of theory on masculinity, disability, dependence, domesticity, and popular children’s literature, Lowrey examines the parallels between the cultures and societies of the South American Gran Chaco and those of the North American Great Plains and outlines the kinds of relations that invite suspicion and scrutiny in divergent contexts in...
The Chaco War
In 1932 Bolivia and Paraguay went to war over the Chaco region in South America. The war lasted three years and approximately 52,000 Bolivians and Paraguayans died. Moving beyond the battlefields of the Chaco War, this volume highlights the forgotten narratives of the war. Studying the environmental, ethnic, and social realities of the war in both Bolivia and Paraguay, the contributors examine the conflict that took place between 1932 and 1936 and explore its relationship with and impact on nationalism, activism and modernity. Beginning with an overview of the war, the book goes on to explore many new approaches to the conflict, and the contributors address topics such as the environmental challenges faced by the forces involved, the role of indigenous peoples, the impact of oil nationalism and the conflict's aftermath. This is a volume that will be of interest to anyone working on modern Latin America and the relationship between war and society.
Capitalismo en las selvas. Enclaves industriales en el Chaco y Amazonía indígena (1850-1950)
Este libro aborda, desde una perspectiva local y comparada, el despliegue del frente industrial capitalista sobre los territorios indígenas del Chaco y Amazonía a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. La industria mecanizada del caucho, del azúcar o del tanino supuso profundas transformaciones en territorios hasta entonces al margen de la agenda colonizadora y poblados por distintas comunidades indígenas que se articularon de diversos modos al trabajo en las industrias. Una misma serie de actores y de dispositivos (almacenes, conchavadores y pulperías; herramientas de metal, platos enlozados y armas; misioneros, militares y capataces, etc.) se despliega entonces sobre un espacio cultural y ecológicamente heterogéneo, organizando un paisaje intersticial y variopinto de formas y articulaciones locales. Los trabajos que componen este libro permiten complejizar y matizar, desde la antropología y desde la multiplicidad de voces que habilita, una temática hasta aquí generalmente abordada desde sus solas coordenadas históricas, económicas o nacionales.
Non-Humans in Amerindian South America
Drawing on fieldwork from diverse Amerindian societies whose lives and worlds are undergoing processes of transformation, adaptation, and deterioration, this volume offers new insights into the indigenous constitutions of humanity, personhood, and environment characteristic of the South American highlands and lowlands. The resulting ethnographies – depicting non-human entities emerging in ritual, oral tradition, cosmology, shamanism and music – explore the conditions and effects of unequally ranked life forms, increased extraction of resources, continuous migration to urban centers, and the (usually) forced incorporation of current expressions of modernity into indigenous societies.
Una salvezza impossibile
Alfred Métraux è stato uno degli antropologi più significativi del Novecento. Il suo sguardo, condizionato dall’ossessione della perdita, lo ha indotto a un’“etnografia del salvataggio” mirata a fissare memoria, storia, lingua e religione di popolazioni e società indigene destinate alla sparizione, o all’omologazione, per effetto dell’incontro con la cultura occidentale. Tra i suoi studi più importanti spiccano quelli sulle popolazioni indiane del Sud-america, sulla civilizzazione dell’Isola di Pasqua e sul vudù a Haiti. Nel Secondo dopoguerra ha lavorato alle Nazioni Unite e all’Unesco, occupandosi di scienze sociali e contrasto al razzismo, oltre che di progetti educativi e di sviluppo in veste di antropologo applicato. Lo studioso Métraux, però, non è stato altro dall’uomo Métraux, segnato da una sofferenza psicologica che lo avrebbe accompagnato sino alla tragica fine. Nel colto e dilaniato etnologo, formatosi alla scuola di Mauss e Rivet, opere e vita sono più che mai intrecciate.
Regímenes de alteridad
A partir de estudios de caso específicos en México, Argentina, Paraguay, Colombia y Bolivia, Regímenes de alteridad explora la manera en que el sujeto autóctono y la posición de alteridad con la que se lo asocia dependen en gran medida del contexto histórico. El eje común a todos los ensayos reunidos en estas páginas parte de dos preguntas: ¿ser identificado o identificarse a sí mismo como indígena ha tenido siempre el mismo significado? y, ¿esta categoría de identificación ha designado siempre a las mismas personas, los mismos atributos o las mismas prácticas? En otras palabras, ¿el referente social del término «indígena» es estable y fijo? ¿O se trata, más bien, como sugiere la hipótesis de este libro, de un referente móvil, cambiante e histórico? Así, Regímenes de alteridad esboza una reflexión en torno a la definición de un «otro interno» a partir del cual a su vez se define el sujeto nacional hegemónico; la definición del sujeto autóctono depende de las articulaciones —conflictivas o consensuales— con los diferentes proyectos hegemónicos encarnados por el Estado y sus «gramáticas nacionales».
Indigene Autonomie in Lateinamerika
Im 21. Jahrhundert sehen die Verfassungen zahlreicher lateinamerikanischer Staaten indigene Rechte auf territoriale Autonomie vor. Während viele Studien im Forschungsfeld diese Rechte vorwiegend als Anerkennung bestehender indigener Organisationsformen interpretieren, weist Michael Fackler auf den Veränderungsdruck hin, den staatliche Autonomievorstellungen beinhalten. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht er die Umsetzung indigener Autonomierechte in Bolivien. Seine detaillierte Ethnographie fokussiert auf Spannungen und Konflikte in der Aneignung rechtlicher Normsetzungen durch die lokale indigene Bevölkerung und legt die Vielschichtigkeit der Konstruktion staatlich-sanktionierter Autonomie offen.
