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Idiocy, Imbecility and Insanity in Victorian Society
This book explores the understudied history of the so-called ‘incurables’ in the Victorian period, the people identified as idiots, imbeciles and the weak-minded, as opposed to those thought to have curable conditions. It focuses on Caterham, England’s first state imbecile asylum, and analyses its founding, purpose, character, and most importantly, its residents, innovatively recreating the biographies of these people. Created to relieve pressure on London’s overcrowded workhouses, Caterham opened in September 1870. It was originally intended as a long-stay institution for the chronic and incurable insane paupers of the metropolis, more commonly referred to as idiots and imbeciles. This purpose instantly differentiates Caterham from the more familiar, and more researched, lunatic asylums, which were predicated on the notion of cure and restoration of the senses. Indeed Caterham, built following the welfare and sanitary reforms of the late 1860s, was an important feature of the Victorian institutional landscape, and it represented a shift in social, medical and political responsibility towards the care and management of idiot and imbecile paupers.
London and its Asylums, 1888-1914
This book explores the impact that politics had on the management of mental health care at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 1888 and the introduction of the Local Government Act marked a turning point in which democratically elected bodies became responsible for the management of madness for the first time. With its focus on London in the period leading up to the First World War, it offers a new way to look at institutions and to consider their connections to wider issues that were facing the capital and the nation. The chapters that follow place London at the heart of international networks and debates relating to finance, welfare, architecture, scientific and medical initiatives, and the developing responses to immigrant populations. Overall, it shines a light on the relationships between mental health policies and other ideological priorities.
A Biography of Loneliness
Despite 21st-century fears of a modern "epidemic" of loneliness, its history has been sorely neglected. A Biography of Loneliness is the first history of its kind to be published in English, offering a radically new interpretation of loneliness as an emotional language and experience. Usingletters and diaries, philosophical tracts, political discussions, and medical literature from the eighteenth century to the present, historian of the emotions Fay Bound Alberti argues that loneliness is not an ahistorical, universal phenomenon. It is, in fact, a modern emotion: before 1800, itslanguage did not exist.As Alberti shows, the birth of loneliness is linked to the development of modernity: the al...
Work and Occupation in French and English Mental Hospitals, c.1918-1939
This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
Memory, Anniversaries and Mental Health in International Historical Perspective
This book is the first to explore memory, misremembering, forgetting, and anniversaries in the history of psychiatry and mental health. It challenges simplistic representations of the callous nature of mental health care in the past, while at the same time eschewing a celebratory and uncritical marking of anniversaries and individuals. Asking critical questions of the early Whiggish histories of mental health care, the book problematizes the idea of a shared professional and institutional history, and the abiding faith placed in the reform of medicine, administration, and even patients. It contends that much post-1800 legislation drafted to ensure reform, acted to preserve beliefs about the ...
The Working Class at Home, 1790–1940
This book examines life in the homes inhabited by the working class over the long nineteenth century. These working-class homes are often imagined as distinctly unhomely spaces, which the inhabitants struggled to fill with even the most basic of furniture, let alone acquire the comforts associated with middle-class domestic space. The concerned reformers of industrialising towns and cities painted a picture of severe deprivation, of rooms that were both cramped yet bare at the same time, and disease-ridden spaces from which their subjects required rescue. It is an image which is not only inadequate, but which also robs working-class people of their agency in creating domestic spaces which allowed for the expression of personal and familial feeling. Bringing together emerging scholars who challenge these ideas and using a range of innovative sources and approaches, this edited collection presents a new understanding of working-class homes.
Public Intellectuals in South Africa
This edited collection gives voice to neglected public intellectuals in the arts, humanities, and journalism in South Africa who gave voice and presence to those who have been marginalized and silenced in South African history Edward Said described a public intellectual as someone who uses accessible language to address a designated public on matters of social and political significance. The essays in Public Intellectuals in South Africa apply this interpretive prism and activist principle to a South African context and tell the stories of well-known figures as well as some that have been mostly forgotten. They include Magema Fuze, John Dube, Aggrey Klaaste, Mewa Ramgobin and Koos Roets, alo...
Picturing the Western Front
Between 1914 and 1918, military, press and amateur photographers produced thousands of pictures. Either classified in military archives specially created with this purpose in 1915, collected in personal albums or circulated in illustrated magazines, photographs were supposed to tell the story of the war. Picturing the Western Front argues that photographic practices also shaped combatants and civilians’ war experiences. Doing photography (taking pictures, posing for them, exhibiting, cataloguing and looking at them) allowed combatants and civilians to make sense of what they were living through. Photography mattered because it enabled combatants and civilians to record events, establish or reinforce bonds with one another, represent bodies, place people and events in imaginative geographies and making things visible, while making others, such as suicide, invisible. Photographic practices became, thus, frames of experience.
寂寞的誕生：寂寞為何成為現代流行病？
「寂寞昭示了我們想要在這個世界成為什麼樣的人、我們想要擁有的關係與紐帶、我們渴望獲得關注的需求——即使這些需求沒有獲得溝通或傾聽。」 ——本書作者—— 寂寞已經悄悄成為二十一世紀最大規模的流行病，在世界各國，身陷寂寞的老人、獨身者與憂鬱症患者，都造成了日益沉重的醫療與社會負擔。這波心理疫情仍在逐漸擴大，但這場大流行是從何時開始、又是如何蔓延，卻一直缺乏足夠的關注與討論。 ▋工業化程度愈高的國家，寂寞的問題就愈嚴重。 在英國，甚至不得不成立「寂寞部長」來應對日益高漲的醫...
Zwischen Anstalt und Schule
Die Entscheidung darüber, ob ein Kind die Volksschule besuchen kann oder in einer besonderen Schule unterrichtet werden muss, ist ein umstrittener Vorgang. Ab Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde der Umgang mit »schwachsinnigen« Kindern anhand eines sogenannten Aufschreibesystems - Beobachtungsbögen, ärztliche Untersuchungen, IQ-Tests, Gutachten - dokumentiert und organisiert. Bis heute nimmt diese Praxis eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Entscheidung über den schulischen Verbleib der Kinder ein. Jona Tomke Garz untersucht in seiner interdisziplinär angelegten historischen Studie das sonderpädagogische Aufschreibesystem am Beispiel Berlin mit Fokus auf die damit verbundenen Wissenspraktiken. Dabei zeigt er auf, welche Bedeutung das Beobachten, Schreiben und Verarbeiten für die Formation des Wissens über »Schwachsinn« hat - gerade im Hinblick auf die Institutionalisierung und Professionalisierung der »Schwachsinnigenpädagogik«.
