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Monetary Policy and Bank Risk-Taking
Our study of banks' corporate loan pricing policies in the United States over the past two decades shows that the loan spreads between riskier and safer borrowers decrease in periods of easy compared to periods of tight monetary policy. This interest rate discount is robust to borrower-, loan-, and bank-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and various types of unobserved heterogeneity at the bank and firm levels. Using individual bank information about lending standards from the Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey (SLOOS), we unveil evidence that the interest rate discount for riskier borrowers in periods of easy monetary policy is prevalent among banks with greater risk appetite. This finding constitutes solid evidence in support of the bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy.
Nonbank Investors and Loan Renegotiations
We document that the structure of syndicates affects term loan renegotiations. Lead banks with large retained shares have a positive effect on renegotiations, while the syndicate diversity among nonbank investors is renegotiation friendly. The latter result derives from the growth of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) in the syndicated loan market, and the coordination of investment decisions between lead banks and their affiliated CLOs. Our findings highlight previously unrecognized coordination between lead banks and their affiliated CLOs and a novel channel that CLOs support the supply of corporate credit.
When is it Less Costly for Risky Firms to Borrow?
"In an investigation of banks' loan pricing policies in the United States over the past two decades, this study finds supporting evidence for the bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy. We show that banks charge lower spreads when they lend to riskier borrowers relative to the spreads they charge on loans to safer borrowers in periods of low short-term rates compared to periods of high short-term rates. The interest discount that banks offer riskier borrowers when short-term rates are low is robust to borrower-, loan-, and bank-specific factors as well as to macroeconomic factors known to affect loan rates. The discount is also robust to bank-firm fixed effects. Finally, our tests that build on the micro information banks provide on their lending standards in the Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey suggest the interest rate discount that riskier borrowers receive when short-term rates are low is bank driven."- -Abstract.
