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Application of the MP-PIC Method for Modelling a Novel Plant Design for Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification
To mitigate climate change and to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases the interest in the utilization of renewable energies has increased drastically in the recent years. Due to the broad availability and its negative carbon emissions biomass is an attractive renewable energy resource. By applying the biomass chemical looping gasification technology the biomass can be used for the generation of electricity or the production of syngas as feedstock for synthetic fuels such as hydrogen and methanol. To promote the progress of this technology, a novel two-stage design for the gasification reactor is proposed in this work aiming to reduce the undesired tar content in the produced syngas, while maintaining a high syngas yield. To investigate the performance of this design, a reaction model was developed using the so-called multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method. Furthermore, optimization recommendations for biomass chemical looping processes in general were derived to adjust the syngas composition and to increase the syngas yield.
Strategy for spray coating of highly porous and light weighting particles using spouted bed technology
In this thesis an in-depth experimental study of the spray coating of light weighting and mesoporous organic aerogels was carried out. The main goal of this study was to design a stable core-shell particle system with a uniform coating layer without changing the initial particle structure. Further, the applied coating layer provides many beneficial improvements and additional properties for the aerogel particles, like an enhanced mechanical stability or a protection against moisture during storage. To design the structured core-shell particles with unaffected porous structure and uniform coating layer, series of experiments was conducted. The coating process with beeswax and ethanol based shellac solutions was performed at two levels using acoustic levitation and spouted bed set ups. At single particle level the basic influences on particle structure were captured. During coating at multiple particle level, which was performed in spouted bed, the results were validated. The optimum coating process parameters were identified. A uniform and stable core-shell particle system was designed. No change of initial porous particle structure was observed.
Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes
This book presents the latest advances in flowsheet simulation of solids processes, focusing on the dynamic behaviour of systems with interconnected solids processing units, but also covering stationary simulation. The book includes the modelling of solids processing units, for example for comminution, sifting and particle formulation and also for reaction systems. Furthermore, it examines new approaches for the description of solids and their property distributions and for the mathematical treatment of flowsheets with multivariate population balances.
Thermochemical Processing of Biomass
A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Pow...
Coal and Biomass Gasification
This book addresses the science and technology of the gasification process and the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and other useful chemicals. Pursuing a holistic approach, it covers the fundamentals of gasification and its various applications. In addition to discussing recent advances and outlining future directions, it covers advanced topics such as underground coal gasification and chemical looping combustion, and describes the state-of-the-art experimental techniques, modeling and numerical simulations, environmentally friendly approaches, and technological challenges involved. Written in an easy-to-understand format with a comprehensive glossary and bibliography, the book offers an ideal reference guide to coal and biomass gasification for beginners, engineers and researchers involved in designing or operating gasification plants.
Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and Charts
"This volume provides comprehensive treatment of basic data for engineering thermodynamics as well as practical and theoretical thermodynamics ... All numerical values are cited in both technical and SI units ... Contents are arranged according to aggregate states: solids, liquids, vapors, and gases. And at the end of the book is a table converting units of measure ... from one system to another."--Pref. Information on thermal properties, melting points, specific heat, thermal conductivity etc.. Twenty-one pages of conversion factors and equivalents. Two large charts in inside back cover on water-enthalpy/vs. entropy. Indexed. Published 1976.
The Chemical Technology of Wood
The Chemical Technology of Wood is an eight-chapter introductory text on the developments in understanding the chemistry of wood and its chemical-technological utilization. The opening chapters of this book cover the productive aspects of forests, followed by a description of the anatomy and physical properties of wood. The subsequent chapter presents a summative wood analysis concerning its cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and other extraneous components. This topic is followed by a presentation of several destructive processing of wood, including acid hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation, and hydrogenolysis. The remaining chapters describe the pulp production through sulfite cooking and using alkaline reagents. This book will prove useful to chemists, engineers, biologists, foresters, and economists.
Wood-Water Relations
Wood is formed in an essentially water-saturated environment in the living tree, and the cell wall remains in this state until the water flow from the roots is interrupted, such as by felling the tree. The wood then begins to lose most of its moisture by drying, resulting in changes in most of its physical properties. These changes, and their relationship to the environment to which the wood is subsequently ex posed, are the subject of this book. The text consists of six chapters. The first chapter discusses cer tain empirical relationships between wood and water, methods of measuring wood moisture content, factors which affect its equilib rium moisture content, and the effect of moisture co...
