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Structural Reforms and Income Inequality
We examine how structural reforms relate to income inequality. We employ many indicators of structural reforms and use data for market and net income inequality. The dataset includes up to 135 countries since 1960. The results do not suggest that market-oriented structural reforms were associated with rising income inequality in the full sample. Trade and financial liberalization were positively associated with income inequality in high-income countries. An mportant question is whether structural reforms benefit individual groups. We employ macro and micro data to investigate whether the income of low-income citizens increased to a smaller extent than the income of high-income citizens. The results suggest quite the opposite: marketoriented reforms were positively correlated with income shares of low-income citizens. We also examine citizens’ support for structural reforms and show that low-income citizens are less likely to support market-oriented reforms than high-income citizens. It is conceivable that lowincome citizens have misperceptions about how they benefit from market-oriented reforms.
The Beauty Premium of Politicians in Office
The beauty premium in politics shows that attractive politicians are more likely to get elected to office than less attractive politicians, but little is known about whether beauty also shapes the behavior of members of parliament (MPs) once in office. We use newly collected data on the attractiveness and parliamentary activity of 866 MPs in the German Bundestag over the period 2009-2017 to examine the link between beauty and parliamentary work. Our results show that attractive MPs are more likely to be absent from parliament and less active in labor-intensive background work than others. Consistent with our hypothesis of opportunities created by attractiveness, we find that more attractive MPs have higher outside earnings and appear more often on television talk shows. Our results suggest that attractive MPs re-allocate their time from parliamentary work to other activity that increases their income and popularity.
The Global Impact of the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act
The US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) promotes renewable energy and contributes to climate protection, but also offers generous tax credits and subsidies to incentivize production in the United States. While the planned generosity of the program has sparked an intense debate about potential negative spillover effects on the global economy, little is known about the quantity of potential adverse effects. We conduct a large-scale international survey among leading economic experts worldwide to quantify the effect of the US Inflation reduction act on the global economy. On a global scale, experts are little concerned about negative effects of the IRA on their domestic economy, estimating both th...
Comment on "Historical Lynchings and the Contemporary Voting Behavior of Blacks"
Williams (2022) ties the political participation of Blacks to historical lynchings that occurred in the United States. Her findings document lower Black voter registration rates in southern counties with greater number of historical lynchings. We show that this effect is driven by four outlier counties with relatively high Black lynching rates. Excluding these counties and correcting the errors in voter registration rates rule out the effect size reported by Williams (2022), which now becomes close to zero and statistically insignificant. We also show that the main results are highly sensitive to the way lynching and voter registration rates are measured.
Exponențial
Tehnologia evoluează într‑un ritm exponențial, spune Azeem Azhar, iar noi nu ne vom putea adapta decât dacă ne însușim un ritm progresiv mai lent. Rezultatul? Un „decalaj exponențial“ între puterea noii tehnologii și capacitatea noastră de a ține pasul cu ea. Azhar explică prin decalajul exponențial unele dintre cele mai presante dificultăți ale societății în care trăim: de la inerția afacerilor în a implementa digitalizarea până la reacția sclerozată a democrațiilor liberale în fața avântului problemelor sociale. Cum trebuie întâmpinată această tendință care ne erodează economia, politica și viața? Autorul propune câteva răspunsuri.
Exponential
Die Technologie schreitet einerseits so schnell voran, dass der menschliche Verstand mit dieser Geschwindigkeit kaum Schritt halten kann. Andererseits geraten unsere Unternehmen, Arbeitsplätze und letztlich auch unsere Demokratien in Gefahr – zwischen diesen beiden Welten entsteht eine exponentielle Kluft. Der international führende Technologe Azeem Azhar zeigt, wie diese exponentielle Kluft zu einer neuen Vernetzung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft führt. Azhar hat die Welt der Unternehmen, der Arbeit, und von Big Tech gründlich erforscht. Mit seinem Buch vermittelt er faszinierende Einblicke in eine Zeit schwindelerregend schneller Veränderungen – und weist den Weg, wie wir darauf reagieren sollten.
