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Analysis of Volume and Topography of Adipose Tissue in the Trunk: Results of MRI of 11,141 Participants in the German National Cohort
Abstract: This research addresses the assessment of adipose tissue (AT) and spatial distribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) in the trunk from standardized magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-based image segmentation in a large population-based cohort in Germany (five sites). Volume and distribution of AT play an essential role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, a risk factor of developing metabolic/cardiovascular diseases. Cross-validated training of the DL-segmentation model led to a mean Dice similarity coefficient of >0.94, corresponding to a mean absolute volume deviation of about 22 ml. SAT is significantly increased in women compared to men, whereas VAT is increased in males. Spatial distribution shows age- and body mass index-related displacements. DL-based image segmentation provides robust and fast quantification of AT (≈15 s per dataset versus 3 to 4 hours for manual processing) and assessment of its spatial distribution from magnetic resonance images in large cohort studies
Verbesserungen beim Laserschneiden mit Methoden des maschinellen Lernens
Obwohl das Laserschneiden von Metallen ein etabliertes Verfahren ist, besteht ein erhebliches Verbesserungspotenzial hinsichtlich verschiedener Anforderungen an die fertigende Industrie. Dieses wird identifiziert und anschließend wird gezeigt, wie Verbesserungen mithilfe von maschinellem Lernen erzielt werden könnten. Als Grundlage dafür dient eine Datenbasis, die die verwendeten Prozessparameter, RGB-Bilder, 3D-Punktwolken und verschiedene Qualitätsmerkmale von fast 4000 Schnittkanten enthält. - Although laser cutting of metals is a well-established process, there is considerable potential for improvement with regard to various requirements for the manufacturing industry. First, this potential is identified and then it is shown how improvements could be made using machine learning. For this purpose, a database was generated. It contains the process parameters, RGB images, 3D point clouds and various quality features of almost 4000 cut edges.
Ultrasound Elastography
The comparison between methods, evaluation of portal hypertension and many other questions are still open issues in liver elastography. New elastographic applications are under evaluation and close to being used in clinical practice. Strain imaging has been incorporated into many disciplines and EFSUMB guidelines are under preparation. More research is necessary for improved evidence for clinical applications in daily practice. The Special Issue published papers on recent advances in development and application of Ultrasound Elastography.
Diary of a Genius
None
Jahresberichte für neuere deutsche Literaturgeschichte
Vols. 13-25 each contain 2 parts: I. bibliographie; II. Text und register. Vol. 26 consists of section Bibliographie only
Handbook of the Hemopoietic Microenvironment
In 1868, Ernst Neumann recognized that blood cells re quire continuous replenishment during postnata1life. Before him, the assumption was that cells of the blood, like nerves once formed in the embryo, remain in the body throughout life. Neumann also recognized that this process occurred within the bone marrow, because this tissue provided a fa vorable environment for proliferation and differentiation of blood cell precursors. Vera Danchakoff, the Russian embryologist working in the US, in 1916 made an analogy to the soil and the seed. Bone marrow forms the soil, providing a favorable environment for the growth of seed, the hemopoietic stem cell, and other progenitor cells. Imagine in the remote past a heap of similar tree seeds. These seeds develop in our moderate climate into a tall and many branched tree. Suppose the wind bears a part of the seeds away and brings them to a land possessing different environmental conditions, we will say the arc tic lands. There the seeds may develop but they may pro duce trees no higher than our moss.
