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This book tells the story of two generations of Pietist ministers sent from Halle, in Brandenburg Prussia during the eighteenth century, to the German communities of North America. In conjunction with their clerical office, these ministers provided medical services using pharmaceuticals and medical texts brought with them from Europe. Their practice is an example of how different medical markets and medical cultures evolved in North America. At the heart of the story is the Francke Orphanage, a famous religious and philanthropic foundation started in Halle in 1696. Pharmaceuticals from Halle were manufactured and sold throughout Europe as part of a commercial enterprise designed to support F...
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the rules governing the taxation of permanent establishments as implemented in the OECD Model Tax Convention and German national tax law. Deviations between the OECD approach and the German approach are identified and modifications to the rules as a result of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project are examined. Moreover, challenges imposed to the PE concept as a result of the digitalisation of the economy are identified and discussed. Against this background, the Pillar One Blueprint proposing a long-term solution to overcome the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy is presented and assessed against widely accepted overarching principles of tax policy.
Tracing the transformation of early modern academics into modern researchers from the Renaissance to Romanticism, Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University uses the history of the university and reframes the "Protestant Ethic" to reconsider the conditions of knowledge production in the modern world. William Clark argues that the research university—which originated in German Protestant lands and spread globally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—developed in response to market forces and bureaucracy, producing a new kind of academic whose goal was to establish originality and achieve fame through publication. With an astonishing wealth of research, Academic Char...
Includes subject section, name section, and 1968-1970, technical reports.
Compiling landmark research from those laying the foundation for medical science's next leap forward, Thiamine: Catalytic Mechanisms in Normal and Disease States fully explores the pathophysiological aspects of a spectrum of diseases associated with TDP-requiring enzymes. Providing brilliant new insights into neurogenerative diseases, this comprehensive volume associates defects in the function of TDP-dependent enzymes with numerous metabolic disorders and disease states, and offers novel aspects of thiamine enzymes in chiral synthesis, as well as new perspectives on the cellular role of thiamine triphosphate and thiamine triphosphates.