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This volume contains selected and thoroughly revised papers plus contributions from invited speakers presented at the First International Workshop on C- straint Solving and Language Processing, held in Roskilde, Denmark, September 1–3, 2004. Constraint Programming and Constraint Solving, in particular Constraint Logic Programming, appear to be a very promising platform, perhaps the most promising present platform, for bringing forward the state of the art in natural language processing, this due to the naturalness in speci?cation and the direct relation to e?cient implementation. Language, in the present context, may - fer to written and spoken language, formal and semiformal language, and...
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 8th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2009, held in Brisbane, Australia, in December 2009. The aim of the INEX 2009 workshop was to bring together researchers in the field of XML IR who participated in the INEX 2009 campaign. During the past year, participating organizations contributed to the building of large-scale XML test collections by creating topics, performing retrieval runs and providing relevance assessments. The workshop concluded the results of this effort, summarized and addressed issues encountered, and devised a work plan for the future evaluation of XML retrieval systems. The 42 full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They have been divided into sections according to the eight tracks of the workshop, investigating various aspects of XML retrieval, from book search to entity
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 10th Workshop of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2010, held in Corfu, Greece, in September/October 2009. The volume reports experiments on various types of textual document collections. It is divided into six main sections presenting the results of the following tracks: Multilingual Document Retrieval (Ad-Hoc), Multiple Language Question Answering (QA@CLEF), Multilingual Information Filtering (INFILE@CLEF), Intellectual Property (CLEF-IP) and Log File Analysis (LogCLEF), plus the activities of the MorphoChallenge Program.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 9th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2009, held in Vught, The Netherlands, in December 2009. The aim of the INEX 2010 workshop was to bring together researchers in the field of XML IR who participated in the INEX 2010 campaign. During the past year, participating organizations contributed to the building of large-scale XML test collections by creating topics, performing retrieval runs and providing relevance assessments. The workshop concluded the results of this large-scale effort, summarized and addressed issues encountered, and devised a work plan for the future evaluation of XML retrieval systems. The 37 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions; they are organized into sections corresponding to the nine tracks of the workshop, investigating various aspects of XML retrieval, from book search to entity.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2011, held in Saarbrücken, Germany, in December 2011. The 33 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation at the workshop from 36 submissions. The papers are organized in 5 research tracks on book and social search, Xdata centric, question answering, relevance feedback, and snippet retrieval.
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of opinion-heavy texts on the Web: opinions of Internet users, comments on social networks, etc. Automating the synthesis of opinions has become crucial to gaining an overview on a given topic. Current automatic systems perform well on classifying the subjective or objective character of a document. However, classifications obtained from polarity analysis remain inconclusive, due to the algorithms' inability to understand the subtleties of human language. Automatic Detection of Irony presents, in three stages, a supervised learning approach to predicting whether a tweet is ironic or not. The book begins by analyzing some everyday examples of irony and presenting a reference corpus. It then develops an automatic irony detection model for French tweets that exploits semantic traits and extralinguistic context. Finally, it presents a study of portability in a multilingual framework (Italian, English, Arabic).
Language is a key element in constructing and reinforcing social identities. Through hate speech, language becomes an instrument of creating and spreading stereotypes, discrimination, and social injustices based on attributes such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, nationality, political ideology, disability, or sexual orientation. The rise of digital communication, especially social media, has made hate speech a major topic of research in various fields. An Investigation of Hate Speech in Italian analyses hate speech from a linguistic perspective. The focus is not only on lexical means, but also on more subtle grammatical and pragmatic strategies related to implicit meanings or conversat...
This work presents a discourse-aware Text Simplification approach that splits and rephrases complex English sentences within the semantic context in which they occur. Based on a linguistically grounded transformation stage, complex sentences are transformed into shorter utterances with a simple canonical structure that can be easily analyzed by downstream applications. To avoid breaking down the input into a disjointed sequence of statements that is difficult to interpret, the author incorporates the semantic context between the split propositions in the form of hierarchical structures and semantic relationships, thus generating a novel representation of complex assertions that puts a semant...
This book is the first to provide an integrated view of preposition from morphology to reasoning, via syntax and semantics. It offers new insights in applied and formal linguistics, and cognitive science. It underlines the importance of prepositions in a number of computational linguistics applications, such as information retrieval and machine translation. The reader will benefit from a wide range of views and applications to various linguistic frameworks, among which, most notably, HPSG. The book is for researchers working in the fields of computational linguistics, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.
The Constraint Solving and Language Processing (CSLP) workshop considers the role of constraints in the representation of language and the implementation of language processing applications. This theme should be interpreted inclusively: it includes contributions from linguistics, computer science, psycholinguistics and related areas, with a particular interest in interdisciplinary perspectives. Constraints are widely used in linguistics, computer science, and psychology. How they are used, however, varies widely according to the research domain: knowledge representation, cognitive modelling, problem solving mechanisms, etc. These different perspectives are complementary, each one adding a piece to the puzzle.