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Diversified Development
Eurasian economies have to become efficient—more productive, job-creating, and stable. But efficiency is not the same as diversification. Governments need to worry less about the composition of exports and production and more about asset portfolios—natural resources, built capital, and economic institutions.
Getting Better
Fifty years ago, health outcomes in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia were not far behind those in Western Europe and well ahead of most other regions of the world. But progress since then has been slow. While life expectancy in the ECA region today is close to the global average, the gap with its western neighbors has doubled, and other middle-income regions have all surpassed ECA. Some countries in the region are doing better, but full convergence with the world’s most advanced health systems is still a long way off. At the same time, survey evidence suggests that the health sector is the top priority for additional investment among populations across the region. The exper...
Mauritius
This 2004 Article IV Consultation highlights that real GDP growth of Mauritius is expected to rebound to about 41⁄2 percent in 2003/04. This largely reflects the recovery of tourism and sugar production, and continued strong construction and transportation activity. The current account is projected to remain in surplus with the recovery of the tourism sector offsetting a widening in the trade deficit. The capital and financial account is projected to register a small deficit of 0.8 percent of GDP in 2003/04 compared with a surplus in 2002/03.
Growing Green
The Economic Benefits of Climate Action shows how well-designed policies can reduce the ECA region s carbon footprint while promoting growth opportunities and protecting the living standards of lower income households.
Turmoil at Twenty
The transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, among all emerging- and developing-economy regions, have been hardest hit by the global economic crisis of 2008-09. This is partly due to the region s deep integration into the global economy across many dimensions trade, financial, and labor flows. Attempts by countries that came later to the transition to catch up rapidly to Western European living standards at a time when global liquidity was unusually abundant, together with some policy weaknesses, made them vulnerable to reversals in market sentiment. Written on the eve of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, 'Turmoil at Twenty' anal...
From Red to Gray
Conventional wisdom holds that aging populations are unfavorable for economic growth because of their potential impacts on labor supply, productivity, and savings. When this is coupled with the increased spending pressures because of pension requirements and health care, aging societies are likely to face serious fiscal problems. This report addresses these concerns in the unique context of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union where many countries are aging rapidly without the economic resources and institutional capacity of other aging societies in Western Europe and Japan.
Poverty and Social Developments in Peru, 1994-1997
Where, when, and how much to invest in wastewater treatment is a policy decision that presents many challenges and is not properly addressed in most situations worldwide. The most common situations are, unfortunately, those in which no treatment is provided at all... The integration of wastewater management and pollution control interventions and policies within the broader water resources management policy are essential for achieving the efficient use of the scarce resource available. With that in mind, this paper has three objectives: * Emphasize the need for systematic evaluation of wastewater management actions and investments as part of any water resources management initiative. * Defin...
Making Transition Work for Everyone
Annotation This book brings together the latest findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region.
Shaping a Dutch East Indies
In 1724-1726, the Dutch clergyman François Valentyn published a 5,000-page account of the Dutch East India Company’s empire. It was the first and, for a long time, the only survey of the Dutch establishments in Asia and South Africa. Shaping a Dutch East Indies analyses how Valentyn composed this work and how it largely determined the Dutch perspective on the colonies in Asia until the 1850s. It seeks to highlight both the great diversity of knowledge gathered in Valentyn’s book and its geographical spread, from the Cape of Good Hope to Japan, with a focus on the Indonesian archipelago. Huigen’s book is the first in-depth study of Valentyn’s work, which is a foundational text in the history of Dutch colonialism.
Igniting Innovation
Innovation and technology absorption are now firmly recognized as one of the main sources of economic growth for emerging and advanced economies alike. International R&D collaboration and FDI are critical and require government support programs, specially financial ones.
