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Clinical Ethics Consultation
This volume brings together researchers from different European countries and disciplines who are involved in Clinical Ethics Consultation (CEC). The work provides an analysis of the theories and methods underlying CEC as well a discussion of practical issues regarding the implementation and evaluation of CEC. The first section deals with different possible approaches in CEC. The authors explore the question of how we should decide complex cases in clinical ethics, that is, which ethical theory, approach or method is most suitable in order to make an informed ethical decision. It also discusses whether clinical ethicists should be ethicists by education or rather well-trained facilitators wi...
The German Federal Constitutional Court
Offers a potted history of the German Federal Constitutional Court, one of the most influential constitutional courts in recent years. It examines the development of the court and its interaction with the German basic law, its approach to judicial reasoning, and its significance for contemporary constitutional theory.
Global Climate Constitutionalism “from below”
Global climate constitutionalism is seen as a possible legal answer to the social and political unwillingness of states to effectively tackle climate change as a global problem. The constitutionalisation of international climate law is supposed to ensure greater participation of non-state actors such as NGOs or individuals and a rollback of state sovereignty where states do not care about meeting their climate commitments. This book addresses the question of whether non-state actors such as NGOs or individuals create international climate law through so-called climate change litigation. Against the background of Peter Häberle's theory of the “open society of constitutional interpreters”, four selected cases (Urgenda v Netherlands, Leghari v Pakistan, Juliana v United States of America, Future Generations v Colombia) are used to examine how actors not formally recognized as subjects of international law (re)interpret national and international law and thereby contribute to the constitutionalisation of the international climate law regime.
Regulations Regarding Living Organ Donation in Europe
Organ transplantation is a much-discussed subject, and the importance of living organ donation is increasing significantly. Yet despite all efforts, too few donor organs are available to help all patients in need. This book analyses whether the national legal regulations are also partly responsible for the organ shortage in the Member States of the European Union. In addition to a detailed analysis of the various national regulations, the main arguments in favour of and against legal restrictions on living organ donation are considered. Furthermore, the European Union’s authority is investigated, namely, whether it is entitled to establish statutory provisions for the Member States with respect to a harmonized regulation of living organ donation. Based on the results of the analysis, the author establishes a Best Practice Proposal for living organ donation.
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In dubio pro vita?
Über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Lebensschutz und Selbstbestimmungsrecht am Lebensende wird seit Jahrzenten diskutiert. Auch heute noch muss aber in den Fällen über den Beginn oder die Aufrechterhaltung lebenserhaltender Therapie entschieden werden, in denen der Patientenwille unbekannt ist. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wann die für die Lebenserhaltung der Betroffenen notwendigen Eingriffe medizinisch indiziert sind. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die medizinische Indikation eine bedeutende Säule der Rechtmäßigkeit medizinischer Eingriffe auch am Lebensende darstellt. Wird die Indikation jedoch verneint, kann dies zu Konflikten mit dem Lebensschutz führen. Diese könnten nach dem Grundsatz "dubio pro vita" in der Weise gelöst werden, dass bei Unkenntnis über den Patientenwillen stets der Lebensverlängerung der Vorrang einzuräumen sei. Neben grundlegenden Ausführungen zur Bedeutung und zum Inhalt der Indikation stellt der Autor diesem Grundsatz ein Modell entgegen, wonach sich die Therapieentscheidung nach der medizinischen Indikation zu richten hat, bei deren Stellung subsidiär auch "allgemeine Wertvorstellungen" zu berücksichtigen sind.
The Cambridge Handbook of Foreign Judges on Domestic Courts
This Handbook presents a comparative study of foreign judges on domestic courts, examining the practice and its implications for adjudication, judicial identity and judicial independence and accountability. The Handbook will interest scholars of comparative law and judicial studies, as well as judges, lawyers and historians.
The Constitutional Courts of Small Jurisdictions
The Constitutional Courts of Small Jurisdictions identifies features and challenges common to the constitutional courts of small state jurisdictions in Europe. The constitutional courts of the following small state jurisdictions are explored: Andorra, Cyprus, Estonia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, and San Marino. For each country’s constitutional court, the following matters are examined: the history of the court; its composition; its standing and the types of proceedings; jurisdiction of the court; procedural steps and rules; the nature and effect of the decisions rendered; relations with other courts (CJEU, ECHR, etc.); and current issues and future developments. ...
