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Characteristic clinical immune phenotypes and molecular mechanisms associated with inflammatory diseases, 2nd edition
The systemic inflammatory response is evident in inflammatory diseases, and the immune system secretes many cytokines involved, resulting in a robust immune response. For example, the pathogenesis of sepsis includes abnormal immune cell activation in the early stages as well as sepsis-related immunosuppression. During the immunosuppressive phase, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Th17 cells, and ?d T cells are reduced while regulatory T cells increase. At the same time, T lymphocytes and neutrophils, as immune effector cells, interact with each other and play a key role in regulating the immune response to immune-inflammatory diseases. The increased release of neutrophil extracellular trap network...
The Role of Physical and Biological Gut Barriers in Modulating Crosstalk between the Microbiota and the Immune System
The intestine has several means for maintaining immune homeostasis and for avoiding inflammation despite massive antigenic stimulation by food components and by commensal bacteria residing in the gut mucosa. These mechanisms include physical and biological barriers such as (i) the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB); (ii) the gut vascular barrier (GVB) and (iii) the mucus layer. In particular, the mucus layer does not simply act as a diffusion barrier but has important dynamic functions that regulate the type of commensal bacteria residing in the inner mucus layer, enabling the passage of food and bacterial products into the gut tissue and systemic circulation. Importantly, the mucosal layer...
Circadian Rhythms and Health Research Trends
A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. The term 'circadian', comes from the Latin circa, 'around', and dies, 'day', meaning literally 'about a day'. The formal study of biological temporal rhythms such as daily, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology. In a strict sense, circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, although they can be modulated by external cues such as sunlight and temperature. Most of a person's body systems demonstrate circadian variations. The body systems with the most prominent circadian variations are the sleep-wake cycle, the temperature regulation system, and the endocrine system. The malfunctioning of a person's circadian system, or biological clock, causes circadian rhythm disorders. Circadian rhythms and their relation to health outcomes in the globalised hyper world of the 21st century are now understood to be extremely important.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy
EJCB
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