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Mobilizing Credit for Clean Energy
Policymakers regularly rely on public financial institutions and government bodies to provide loans to clean energy projects. However, the market failures that public loan provision addresses and the role it can play in a policy strategy that also features de-risking measures, such as interest rate subsidies, remain unclear. Here, we develop a model of banks providing loans to clean energy projects that use a novel technology. Early-stage loans build up financing experience that spills over to peers and hence is undersupplied by the market. In addition to this cooperation problem, bankability requirements can result in a coordination failure where the banking sector remains stuck in an equilibrium with no loans for the novel technology, although a preferable equilibrium with loans exists. Public provision of early-stage loans is inferior to de-risking instruments when solving the cooperation problem because it crowds out private banks' loan provision. However, public loan provision can more effectively resolve the coordination failure by pushing the banking sector to a better equilibrium, ideally in combination with additional de-risking measures to internalize learning spillovers.
Prospects for Pumped-Hydro Storage in Germany
After a period of hibernation, the development of pumped-hydro storage plants in Germany regains momentum. Motivated by an ever increasing share of intermittent renewable generation, a variety of energy players considers new projects, which could increase the available capacity by up to 60% until the end of the decade. This paper analyzes the current development and evaluates the revenue potential as well as possible barriers. Overall, the prospects for new pumped-hydro storage plants have improved, even though profitability remains a major challenge.
Efficient Storage Capacity in Power Systems with Thermal and Renewable Generation
Power systems with high shares of wind and solar power have to balance their intermittent nature. Pumped-hydro storage plants can provide the required flexibility, while thermal backup plants offer an alternative. This paper proposes a model based on peak-load-pricing theory to describe the efficient technology portfolio. Drawing on a load duration curve, we derive the efficient storage capacity and discuss its dependence on cost parameters. It is shown that renewable generation affects the efficient storage capacity by changing the shape of the residual load duration curve, while limited time periods with renewable generation in excess of load do not necessarily affect the level of storage. A case study for Germany applies the model and highlights the impact of CO2 prices on storage efficiency.
Risky Cities
Over half the world's population lives in urban regions, and increasingly disasters are of great concern to city dwellers, policymakers, and builders. Risky Cities is a critical examination of global urban development, capitalism, and its relationship with environmental hazards.
Green Banking
Green Banking is the first guide encompassing all the disciplines necessary to realize renewable energy projects. This book focuses on cost-competitive and mature technologies, and on the processes enabling to develop, finance and execute such utility-scale projects. The book starts with the aspects relevant for every form of renewable energy. It covers essential themes such as the role of renewables amid a changing energy world, the importance of the regulatory regime, its social acceptance and bankability criteria, to name only a few. Chapters describe project financings vehicles for a range of renewable energy technologies including solar photovoltaic power plants, onshore wind farms and offshore wind farms. The book give readers a unique perspective on how renewable energy projects are realized, and is a go-to reference manual for understanding how the different project stakeholders act. All of the articles are provided by authors with an ample experience in renewable energies and many years experience. This book is especially useful for people working in this industry or students willing to get better knowledge out of their field of experience.
Renewable Energy Finance: Powering The Future
The future of clean energy is no longer about science and technology; it's all about access to finance. The fossil fuel industry has been subsidized for decades with tax breaks and government backing, while renewables have struggled to compete. But now clean energy is the safe bet for investors, as is argued in Renewable Energy Finance: Powering the Future, edited by Dr Charles Donovan, Principal Teaching Fellow at Imperial College Business School.With a foreword by Lord Brown and contributions from some of the world's leading experts in energy finance, this timely book documents how investors are spending over US$250 billion each year on new renewable energy projects and positioning themsel...
Ghostwriter
Mroźna zima, duńska wyspa, tajemnice przemysłu farmaceutycznego i krwawe morderstwo. Na parkingu w Zelandii Północnej dyrektor jednego z wiodących światowych koncernów farmaceutycznych siedzi martwy w swoim samochodzie. Kilka kilometrów dalej ghostwriter, który miał napisać jego biografię leży z kulą w głowie. Kierująca śledztwem komisarz Lene Jensen odkrywa, że istotnym elementem w sprawie jest zaginiony pamiętnik. Zawarta w nim wiedza ma tak wielką siłę rażenia, że potężni gracze z Big Pharmy nie cofną się przed niczym, aby ukryć ją przed światem. Śledztwo szybko prowadzi również w kierunku męża pani komisarz, prywatnego detektywa Michaela Sandera, któ...
