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Myeloid cells in health and liver disease
Cells of the myeloid lineage display diverse roles and functions both in tissue homeostatic conditions and during the development of liver diseases. Hepatic myeloid cells such asKupffer cells exert immune surveillance while maintaining immune tolerance. This helps to prevent excessive immune stimulation upon encounter with gut-derived antigens from food and commensal microbes, or rapidly identifying and eliminating pathogens. Myeloid cells also exhibit a dual role by contributing to both the initiation and progression of liver diseases. During liver inflammation, myeloid cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that promote chemotaxis and tissue damage. Further down the process they can undergo reprogramming into pro-resolving, anti-inflammatory cells. In extremis, these can lead to loss of liver function and development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver myeloid cells can also dictate the progress of hepatic malignancy by either promoting the infiltration and activation or suppressing the activities of effector and/or cytotoxic T cells.
Understanding convergent evasion mechanisms in cancer and chronic infection: Implications for immunotherapy
The complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems function to recognize and clear pathogens or transformed cells, but inefficient interactions between these two systems can result in harmful immunologic responses including chronic infections and the development of cancer. Several hallmarks of dysfunctional adaptive immune responses often detected in tumors share specific features with ineffective immunity in chronic infections. The members of the micromilieu actively participate in the process of tumorigenesis or chronification of infection by modulating innate and adaptive immune system interactions leading e.g. to insufficient T cell responses. The best example is giv...
The Immunological Role of Platelet Activation in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19
Platelets are increasingly recognized for their role as mediators of immune response and inflammation. As major components of the hematological system, they form an important bridge between immunity and coagulation. In the context of viral infections, platelets may suppress viral dissemination but can also support viral persistence. When platelets become hyperactivated in response to an infection, patients can develop immuno-thrombosis and coagulopathy. These derangements of hemostasis are particularly relevant in the context of infection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the subsequent development of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, a disease in which thromboembolic events are an important cause of morbidity and mortality.
Congenital Bleeding Disorders
This book describes in detail the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a wide range of congenital bleeding disorders. It will assist readers in overcoming the significant challenges involved in clinical and laboratory diagnosis and in providing effective clinical care that makes optimal use of new products, including recombinant factor concentrate. The coverage ranges from hemophilia A and B and von Willebrand disease to rare bleeding disorders such as congenital factor V, factor X, factor XI, and factor XIII deficiency and inherited platelet function disorders. The exceptional attention to rarer conditions is of particular importance given the considerable risk of overlooking them during diagnosis, with potential consequences for disease-related morbidity and mortality. The authors are acknowledged specialists in the field from across the world who have particular expertise in the disorder that they discuss. The book will be of value to hematologists, oncologists, pediatricians, laboratory specialists and technicians, general physicians, and trainees.
Biographische Fallarbeit
Biographietheorie und -analyse stellen in den letzten Jahren nicht nur ihre Bedeutung für Forschung und Wissenschaft unter Beweis, sondern ihre Relevanz wird zunehmend auch unter praxisrelevanten Gesichtspunkten im Hinblick auf soziale, pflegerische und pädagogische Handlungsfelder unter dem Stichwort Professionalisierung diskutiert. Die Einführung in die biographieorientierte Fallrekonstruktion verfolgt das Ziel, zentrale Paradigmen der Biographieforschung vorzustellen sowie die Bedeutung der Methode für die Praxis zu skizzieren. Methodologische, methodische und praxisbezogene Aspekte werden auf der Grundlage empirischer Beispiele anschaulich illustriert.
Designing Speech for a Recipient
6.4 The role of partner models -- 6.4.1 Appearance -- 6.4.2 External variables: Gender -- 6.4.3 Personal partner models and linguistic choice -- 6.5 The role of the partner's feedback -- 6.6 The relationship between partner modeling, alignment and feedback -- Chapter 7. Conclusions -- 7.1 Simpli ed registers? -- 7.1.1 The notion of simpli cation -- 7.1.2 The notion of register -- 7.2 The role of the addressee in interaction - some answers -- Partner modeling -- Alignment -- Feedback -- Linguistic choice -- 7.3 General conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index
Foundations of Pragmatics
Open publication Opening the 9-volume-series Handbooks of Pragmatics, this handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the foundations of pragmatics. It covers the central theories and approaches as well as key concepts and topics characteristic of mainstream pragmatics, i.e. the traditional and most widespread approach to the ways and means of using language in authentic social contexts. The in-depth articles provide reliable orientational overviews useful to researchers, students, and teachers. They are both state of the art reviews of their topics and critical evaluations in the light of subsequent developments. Topics are thus considered within their scholarly context and also critical...
