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This work marks a sharp departure from the predominant Eurocentric emphasis in Indo Portuguese studies, on the sixteenth century Portuguese trade in the Carreira da India. Such an approach unjustly dismisses the subsequent centuries as periods of no commercial consequence to the Estado da India and Portugal and relegates to an un important level the significance of the privately operated intra Asian trade. The evidence gathered and their argument of this book challenges such prevailing stereo types. Based on a wide range on archival sources in India, Portugal and England, this study unravels the existence of a thriving native operated country trade, in 'the splendid' and 'the trifling' that emanated from Portuguese India in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It not only took advantage of the vulnerability displayed and the animation efforts undertaken by the Estado da India and the metropolis but also learned to function through 'crevices' under the growing British hegemony--
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On Portuguese commercial interests in India in the period.
Smuggling as Subversion is the first comprehensive account of the opium industry in western India during the colonial period, from its beginnings to the mid-19th century. This is an in-depth examination of the use of opium during colonial times, and at the same time the fascinating story of how Indian merchants developed a smuggling enterprise that subverted the East India Company's monopoly in the drug, setting in motion a chain of events that led to the first Opium War in China.
The way merchants trade, think about business and represent commerce in art forms define merchant culture. The world between 1500 and 1800 encompassed different merchant cultures that stood alone and in contact with others. Culture, power relations and institutions framed similarities and differences and outlined the global outcome of these exchanges.
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