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Although inequality in Latin America ranks among the worst in the world, it has notably declined over the last decade, offset by improvements in health care and education, enhanced programs for social assistance, and increases in the minimum wage. In Democracy and the Left, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens argue that the resurgence of democracy in Latin America is key to this change. In addition to directly affecting public policy, democratic institutions enable left-leaning political parties to emerge, significantly influencing the allocation of social spending on poverty and inequality. But while democracy is an important determinant of redistributive change, it is by no means the only f...
Brazil has undergone transformative change since the 1980s, from an authoritarian regime to a democratic society advancing on all fronts—political, social, economic, and diplomatic. In Starting Over, Albert Fishlow traces the evolution of this member of the BRICS group over the last twenty-five years and looks toward the future as the newly elected president, Dilma Rousseff, follows her very popular predecessor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, or “Lula.” The transformation of the country began with the founding of the Nova República and the Constitution of 1988, which established a strong executive and encased key social principles such as a citizen’s right to education and health care....
Global Public Health: a new era is a comprehensive updated account of the international state of public health, including an agenda for improving the practice of the discipline across the world. It addresses three major issues: - the changing global context for public health - the state of public health theory and practice in developed and developing countries; and - strategies for strengthening the practice of public health Section one surveys the complex old and new challenges facing public health practitioners, and then summarises the state of health globally using new data based on measures of the Global Burden of Disease developed by the Word Health Organization, and other groups, to be...
The book addresses contemporary challenges related to chronicity in the context of life and health. The book is structured across 11 core axes to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the topic. The axes address issues such as health promotion and quality of life, the transition from ephemerality to chronicity throughout life, the presence of chronicity in childhood and adolescence, violence against transgender people, the coexistence of communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases in the community, work-related chronic diseases, chronicity in the elderly, and strategies for sustainable development in this context. It discusses the importance of palliative care for patients facing finitude and explores the role of spirituality in coping with chronicity. In summary, the book aims to present a comprehensive and multidimensional perspective on chronicity, providing valuable insights for the teaching, research, extension, and care sectors.
Social policies can transform the lives of the poor, yet subnational politics and state capacity often inhibit their success.
This book explores the scope of reforms and changes in the social protection systems in Latin America that have started at the beginning of the 21st century. It describes how and to what extent changes in social protection systems and social policies have occurred in the region in recent decades. Taking a comparative approach, the volume identifies the triggers for the transformations and how such pressures are received by the welfare regime, or a specific policy sector, to finally yield a given type of reform. The analysis is characterized by the presence of certain factors that explain the development of social protection systems in Latin America, such as economic growth, the consolidation of democratic political regimes, and the region’s Left Turns. The book also examines to what extent common challenges and processes induced by international institutions have led to convergence among countries or welfare regimes, or whether each maintains its own identity.
Groundbreaking in its range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds, Thinking through Science and Technology explores how individual and societal beliefs, values, and actions are transformed by science, technology, and engineering. Practical and theoretical insights from philosophers, policymakers, STS scholars, and engineers illuminate the promise, perils, and paradoxes that arise with technoscientific change. This collection of original research develops a philosophical understanding of technology and its inscription in a wider web of social and political meanings, values, and civilizational change. It explores foundational beliefs at the core of engineering education and practice, with an...
Explains how and why some national mandates for participatory policymaking develop into powerful institutions for citizen engagement.
This book provides a novel explanation of widespread social policy expansion in Latin America beginning in the 1990s.