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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Biomarkers and Microbial Diversity Reveal Metabolic and Community Flexibility in Streamer Biofilm Communities in the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park
Detailed analysis of 16S rRNA and intact polar lipids (IPLs) from streamer biofilm communities (SBCs), collected from geochemically similar hot springs in the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, shows good agreement and affirm that IPLs can be used as reliable markers for the microbial constituents of SBCs. Uncultured Crenarchaea are prominent in SBS, and their IPLs contain both glycosidic and mixed glyco-phospho head groups with tetraether cores, having 0-4 rings. Archaeal IPL contributions increase with increasing temperature and comprise up to one-fourth of the total IPL inventory at >84 [degrees] C. At elevated temperatures, bacterial IPLs contain abundant glycosidic glycerol ...
Final Report
Hydrothermal ecosystems in Yellowstone National Park host microbial communities that include Archaea and Bacteria on the deepest branches of the phylogenetic tree of life. These chemotrophic organisms occur in the highest temperature portions of these ecosystems at temperatures greater than those where photosynthetic microbes thrive. In some hot spring outflow channels, strictly chemotrophic communities form abundant, thick, streamer-like biofilms that lack bright pigments. Where these microbial streamers are conspicuous, they are easily sampled for genomic, biogeochemical and biomarker studies. This project investigated both composition and biodiversity of streamer-forming communities, the geochemical controls on their distributions as well as aspects of their physiologies.
Acidophile Microbiology: From Extreme Environments to Biotechnological Applications
Acidophiles are microorganisms that thrive in acidic environments, and these microorganisms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including acid mine drainage, volcanic hot springs, and acidic soils. Despite the extreme conditions they live in, acidophiles have adapted unique biochemical pathways and mechanisms to survive and thrive in such harsh environments. This Research Topic aims to bring together recent advances in the field of acidophile microbiology, from fundamental research on microbial diversity, physiology, and ecology in extreme environments to biotechnological applications, including bioleaching and bioremediation.
Coordinating Environmental Genomics and Geochemistry Reveals Metabolic Transitions in a Hot Spring Ecosystem
We have constructed a conceptual model of biogeochemical cycles and metabolic and microbial community shifts within a hot spring ecosystem via coordinated analysis of the ?Bison Pool? (BP) Environmental Genome and a complementary contextual geochemical dataset of ~75 geochemical parameters. 2,321 16S rRNA clones and 470 megabases of environmental sequence data were produced from biofilms at five sites along the outflow of BP, an alkaline hot spring in Sentinel Meadow (Lower Geyser Basin) of Yellowstone National Park. This channel acts as a >22 m gradient of decreasing temperature, increasing dissolved oxygen, and changing availability of biologically important chemical species, such as those...
Hydrothermal Ecotones and Streamer Biofilm Communities in the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park
In Yellowstone National Park, a small percentage of thermal features support streamer biofilm communities (SBCs), but their growth criteria are poorly understood. This study investigates biofilms in two SBC hosting, and two non-SBC springs. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones indicates changing community structure as a function of downstream geochemistry, with many novel representatives particularly among the Crenarchaeota. While some taxonomic groups show little genetic variation, others show specialization by sample location. The transition fringe environment between the hotter chemosynthetic and cooler photosynthetic zones hosts a larger diversity of organisms in SBC bearing springs. This trans...
Stable Isotope Labeling Confirms Mixotrophic Nature of Streamer Biofilm Communities at Alkaline Hot Springs
Streamer biofilm communities (SBC) are often observed within chemosynthetic zones of Yellowstone hot spring outflow channels, where temperatures exceed those conducive to photosynthesis. Nearest the hydrothermal source (75?88 [degrees] C) SBC comprise thermophilic Archaea and Bacteria, often mixed communities including Desulfurococcales and uncultured Crenarchaeota, as well as Aquificae and Thermus, each carrying diagnostic membrane lipid biomarkers. We tested the hypothesis that SBC can alternate their metabolism between autotrophy and heterotrophy depending on substrate availability. Feeding experiments were performed at two alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park: Octopus Spring...
Deep Carbon in Earth: Early Career Scientist Contributions to the Deep Carbon Observatory
Since its inception, the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) has coalesced a multidisciplinary and international group of researchers focused on understanding and quantifying Earth’s deep carbon budget. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, and understanding carbon chemistry under a variety of environmental conditions impacts all aspects of planetary sciences, including planet formation, the form and function of planetary interiors, and the origin and diversity of life. DCO recognizes that is integrating and promoting the contributions of early career scientists are integral to the advancement of knowledge regarding the quantities, movements, origins, and forms of Earth’s...
Evidence for High-temperature in Situ NifH Transcription in an Alkaline Hot Spring of Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park
Genes encoding nitrogenase (nifH) were amplified from sediment and photosynthetic mat samples collected in the outflow channel of Mound Spring, an alkaline thermal feature in Yellowstone National Park. Results indicate the genetic capacity for nitrogen fixation over the entire range of temperatures sampled (57.2°C to 80.2°C). Amplification of environmental nifH transcripts revealed in situ expression of nifH genes at temperatures up to 72.7°C. However, we were unable to amplify transcripts of nifH at the higher-temperature locations (> 72.7°C). These results indicate that microbes at the highest temperature sites contain the genetic capacity to fix nitrogen, yet either do not express nif...
Quantifying Inorganic Sources of Geochemical Energy in Hydrothermal Ecosystems, Yellowstone National Park, USA
Combining analytical data from hot spring samples with thermodynamic calculations permits a quantitative assessment of the availability and ranking of various potential sources of inorganic chemical energy that may support microbial life in hydrothermal ecosystems. Yellowstone hot springs of diverse geochemical composition, ranging in pH from 2 to 9 were chosen for this study, and dozens of samples were collected during three field seasons. Field measurements of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, total ammonia, total sulfide, alkalinity, and ferrous iron were combined with laboratory analyses of sulfate and other major ions from water samples, and carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and carb...
