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Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a mental disorder that causes an individual to compulsively consume legal or illegal drugs such as alcohol, opioids, methamphetamine, marijuana, and medications, despite harmful consequences. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), alcohol causes 5.1 % of the global burden of disease, and harmful drinking behavior is associated with more than 200 diseases and injury conditions. According to the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, about 200 million people are addicted to cocaine, cannabis, opioids and sedative-hypnotics.
European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) supports the collaboration of nationally-funded science and technology research through the creation of networks. COST is the longest-running European framework enhancing cooperation among researchers, engineers and scholars across Europe. The COST Action CM1103 “Structure-based drug design for diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases: dissecting and modulating complex function in the monoaminergic systems of the brain” is a good example of the advances possible through interdisciplinary collaboration on difficult problems. COST Action CM1103 brought together 28 research groups from 18 countries to collaborate for four years o...
Peptides are the biomolecules that consist of several amino acid chains linked through peptide bonds. This class of biomolecules is commonly found in living matter, and some of which play an imperative role in their regulation and functional activities. Peptides have been extensively applied in every aspect of human life, including cosmetics, electronics, the food industries, and pharmaceutical fields. Ultimately, peptide commercialization has become a major trend, which has been growing significantly in recent years. Viewed from the scientific perspective described above, the editor believes that the development of peptides in every aspect of human life should be accelerated. As such, this ...
Growing evidence derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuropathological, imaging, genetic, and epidemiological studies link neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation to a subset of individuals with a variety of severe mental disorders (SMDs), including affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. Further, the recent discoveries of neuronal surface antibodies (NSAs) in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) presenting with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis and cognitive decline, among many others, provides further support to the notion that CNS autoimmunity and neuroinflammation can contribute to the neurobiology of psychiatric disturbances. Further, these immune mechanisms m...
Every year, 10 outstanding Research Topics are selected as finalists of the Frontiers Spotlight Award. These shortlisted article collections each address a globally important field of research with the potential to drastically impact our future. They bring together the latest, cutting-edge research to advance their fields, present new solutions and foster essential, large-scale collaborations across multiple disciplines and research groups worldwide. This international research prize recognizes the most innovative and impactful topics and the winning team of editors receives $100,000 to organize an international scientific conference on the theme of their successful collection.
Extrasynaptic transmission is a unifying term for a wide variety of cellular processes, in which outside of synaptic terminals transmitter substances activate extrasynaptic receptors. Whereas “synaptic transmission” immediately refers to a process occurring at nerve terminals in which the arrival of a presynaptic impulse evokes exocytosis followed by a postsynaptic response within a millisecond time scale, extrasynaptic transmission has a wide diversity of ultrastructural and therefore mechanistic associated phenomena. In comparison to synaptic, extrasynaptic exocytosis may last for seconds or even minutes, thus expanding the timing of neuronal signaling. Extrasynaptic transmission has n...