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This volume presents the results of the largest ever language attitude/motivation survey in second language studies. The research team gathered data from over 13,000 Hungarian language learners on three successive occasions: in 1993, 1999 and 2004. The examined period covers a particularly prominent time in Hungary’s history, the transition from a closed, Communist society to a western-style democracy that became a member of the European Union in 2004. Thus, the book provides an ‘attitudinal/motivational flow-chart’ describing how significant sociopolitical changes affect the language disposition of a nation. The investigation focused on the appraisal of five target languages – Engli...
This book synthesises current theory and research on L2 motivation in the EFL Japanese context covering topics such as the issues of cultural identity, demotivation, language communities, positive psychology, possible L2 selves and internationalisation within a key EFL context.
Motivational Teaching provides a clear overview of the many factors that affect learner motivation and connects each of them to innovative teaching ideas and strategies. • Features over 100 tried and tested teaching ideas, underpinned by the latest research into learner motivation. • Explores how motivation to learn works both on an individual level and within the classroom environment. • Provides insights to enhance motivation through key teaching processes, from choosing materials and designing tasks to closing lessons and giving feedback. • Investigates how teachers can raise learner motivation across a range of ages, abilities, and backgrounds.
Raised amidst the confines of Iranian society, young Tamila Soroush escapes the oppression of Iran for the freedom of America, enjoying her everyday acts of rebellion against her background and capturing her new life through the lens of her camera, all the while searching for a husband who can prevent her return home. Original.
This book offers a wide range of topics for the scholar interested in the study of English in this unsettling era of disruption in our lives – from linguistics to literature to language teaching and learning. The chapters present snippets of thoughts and critical reflections, findings from action research and other methodologies, and essays on troubling topics for language teachers. The authors are researchers, experienced teachers, and students engaged in exploratory research. The many ideas and suggestions for further reflection and research will inspire teachers and researchers working in many different contexts, both educational and regional. There is something in this book for everybody.
For Maya, history is like a dream, and her dreams are like a history of her life and how it relates to others. Effortlessly defying and calling into question time and space, Maya inhabits fantastical realities filled with shamans, romantic longing, a daughter's struggles, and a flying dragon. Lyrically flowing between Maya's multiple realities, The Original Dream is the story of a young independent Indonesian woman trying to break free from cultural and social conventions while also searching for her place among family and friends. With guidance from her parents, coworkers, and sister, along with a newborn filled with the wisdom of elders, Maya navigates her perceptions, looking for answers to unknown questions. Whether soaring through the nighttime sky, caring for her nephew, or tending to guests at the hotel where she works, she tries to delineate the difference between dreams and reality and if such a difference even matters.
Random SALOHA and CSMA protocols that are used to access MAC in ad hoc networks are very small compared to the multiple and spontaneous use of the transmission channel. So they have low immunity to the problems of packet collisions. Indeed, the transmission time is the critical factor in the operation of such networks. The simulations demonstrate the positive impact of erasure codes on the throughput of the transmission in ad hoc networks. However, the network still suffers from the intermittency and volatility of its efficiency throughout its operation, and it switches quickly to the saturation zone. In this context, game theory has demonstrated his ability to lead the network to a more efficient equilibrium. This, we were led to propose our model code set that formalizes the behavior of nodes during transmission within SALOHA networks and CSMA respectively.
Since its opening up and economic reforms in 1979, China has undergone tremendous economic growth and social development, with a ten percent real gross domestic product growth per year on average through 2013. In spite of such an accomplishment, the current economic growth model in China, which is mainly triggered by the export-led policy and the huge government investment, has been challenged by potential external and internal risks, which do not support sustainable economic growth in the long run. In this book, the author comprehensively reviews the corporate governance practices in China, identifying the major problems within such practices. It is contended that these problems have been seen as the major challenges facing the Chinese economy, and further, that the current weakness of corporate governance practices in China can be ascribed, to a great extent, to the incompleteness and weakness of law enforcement.
Network governance has received much attention within the fields of public administration and policy in recent years, but surprisingly few books are designed specifically to help students, researchers, and practitioners examine key concepts, synthesize the growing body of literature into reliable frameworks, and to bridge the theory-practice gap by exploring network applications. Network Governance: Concepts, Theories, and Applications is the first textbook to focus on interorganizational networks and network governance from the perspective of public policy and administration, asking important questions such as: How are networks designed and developed? How are they governed, and what type of...
This book is for marketers (from newbies to CMO level) who want to learn why and how to use mobile marketing to engage and convert consumers. A Beginner’s Guide to Mobile Marketing will teach you about the exploding opportunities that mobile marketing offers and why it is so important to embrace it in your integrated marketing strategy. Cell phones are no longer just for calling people. Based on the latest trends in consumer behavior on mobiles, the authors introduce ways that marketers can use smartphone popularity to reach people with tactics like mobile apps, mobile web, social media, mobile advertising and more. Exercises are included to ensure that the reader understands the material as well as how to apply it in the real world.