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Innovative Methods and Materials in Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures
In the past, when elements in structures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.
Data-driven Sudden Cardiac Arrest Research in Europe: Experts' Perspectives on Ethical Challenges and Governance Strategies
Abstract: Background Observational studies using large-scale databases and biobanks help improve prevention and treatment of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) but the lack of guidance on data protection issues in this setting may harm patients' rights and the research enterprise itself. This qualitative study explored the ethical aspects of observational SCA research, as well as solutions. Methods European experts in SCA research, medical ethics and health law reflected on this topic through semi-structured interviews (N = 29) and a virtual roundtable conference (N = 18). The ESCAPE-NET project served as a discussion case. Findings were coded and thematically analysed. Results The first theme conc...
Diagnostic and Proof Load Tests on Bridges
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Lung Ultrasound in the Emergency Department - a Valuable Tool in the Management of Patients Presenting with Respiratory Symptoms During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Abstract: Background Typical lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in patients with a COVID-19 infection were reported early on. During the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, LUS was propagated as a useful instrument in triage and monitoring. We evaluated LUS as a rapid diagnostic triage tool for the management of patients with suspected COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED). Methods The study retrospectively enrolled patients with suspected COVID-19, who were admitted from 1st April to 25th of April 2020 to the ED of a tertiary care center in Germany. During clinical work-up, patients underwent LUS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. The recorded ultrasound findings were analy...
4 - What is ALS-compliant PoCUS, MCPR, ECPR? Introducing ALS-EP: A Novel Training Concept for Experienced Advanced Life Support Providers
Background:The current Advanced-Life-Support, ALS-provider course of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) offers a certified qualification for physicians, nurses and emergency medical services providing resuscitation for in-hospital- (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.During last few years, novel diagnostic and therapeutic options have become available for. These are Point-of-Care Ultrasound (PoCUS), mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (mCPR), and extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) devices e.g. However, these techniques are not part of practical training scenarios within current ERC ALS provider courses. Goal: To develop an ALS Experienced Provider (ALS-EP) course form...
ANCRiSST 2019 Procedia
ANCRiSST 2019 Workshop, held in Rome on 18-21 July 2019, manifests a close collaboration between Europe, Asia and the Americas in the field of smart structures and materials. A year after the tragic collapse of the Morandi bridge in Genova and shortly after its demolition, the scientific discussion on novel solutions in structural health monitoring and control from an outstanding international scientific community is the catalyst for future headway in this field. The ANCRiSST 2019 Procedia expresses current progress in smart materials and structures technology and is witness to ever growing international synergies among researchers. Emerging frontiers in automated inspection, sensing and control of civil infrastructure are focussed on. Six sections gather together contributions in smart materials for sensing and actuation, response prediction and evaluation, measurements and health monitoring, structural control, damage detection, mechatronics and automated inspection.
New International Guidelines and Consensus on the Use of Lung Ultrasound
Abstract: Following the innovations and new discoveries of the last 10 years in the field of lung ultrasound (LUS), a multidisciplinary panel of international LUS experts from six countries and from different fields (clinical and technical) reviewed and updated the original international consensus for point-of-care LUS, dated 2012. As a result, a total of 20 statements have been produced. Each statement is complemented by guidelines and future developments proposals. The statements are furthermore classified based on their nature as technical (5), clinical (11), educational (3), and safety (1) statements
8 - From CPR to Targeted CPR to Targeted ECPR to CARL: A Paradigm Shift in Advanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Objectives: International guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, contain a universal algorithm, suggesting a u201cone size fits allu201d approach. Its simplicity aims at the highest possible transferrability and feasibility across systems. In contrast, patient centered, individualized resuscitation concepts form an emerging paradigm. These are known as u201ctargetedu201d, u201ctailoredu201d, u201cgoal-directedu201d or u201cphysiology guidedu201d CPR, with some mentions in the guideline texts. These principles are increasingly being applied to all parts of the u201cchain of survivalu201d, including advanced resuscitation measures such as eCPR. Therefore we described and developed t...
Beneficial Effects Of Head-Elevation During Controlled Automated Reperfusion Of The Whole Body (CARL) In The Pig Model
AbstractIntroduction: Therapy bundles rather than single interventions might improve outcomes in cardiac arrest, CA. However, studying such bundles is challenging. While failing to reproduce historic results in our porcine CA model for controlled automated reperfusion of the whole body (CARL) using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) we deconstructed the therapy bundle and identified head elevation as a confounder for neurologic outcome. Consequently, we studied head elevation as an intervention during CARL.Methods: In 45 anesthetized pigs, after 20 minutes of normothermic CA, CARL was used as a bundle for targeted resuscitation. Neurological status was followed up for 7 days with a species-specific neurological deficit score (NDS). Animals with NDS
