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Associations and Other Groups in Science
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 224

Associations and Other Groups in Science

Associations and Other Groups in Science: An Historical and Contemporary Perspective brings together a collection of texts on the subject of scientific associations and their role in science and society. It combines historical approaches, focused on the role that associations (and other groups) played in the development of particular scientific disciplines in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with contemporary analyses that highlight the involvement of associations in engagement with wider publics. A somewhat neglected subject in the social studies of science, scientific associations provide an opportunity for reflecting on and discussing wider issues in science, such as the place of s...

A Third Path
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 384

A Third Path

"A transnational history of corporatism-a "third path" between capitalism and communism-centered on mid-twentieth century Brazil. Following the First World War, there was a widespread feeling that the unchecked free-market competition had given rise to financial crisis, social unrest, and chronic underdevelopment. With people and governments across the world looking for an alternative to laissez-faire capitalism, Brazil took a central role in experimenting with a "third path" between capitalism and communism: corporatism. Remaking Capitalism: A Global History of Corporatism in Brazil, 1920s-1960s argues that corporatism transformed the Brazilian state into an agent of economic development, a...

Transforming the Rural
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 377

Transforming the Rural

This book analyses the key global processes transforming rural spaces in the early 21st century – financialization; standardization; consumption, and commodification. Through detailed case studies, the book examines why these processes are important, how they work in practice, and the challenges they raise as well as opportunities created.

Fascist Pigs
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 346

Fascist Pigs

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2018-08-28
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  • Publisher: MIT Press

How the breeding of new animals and plants was central to fascist regimes in Italy, Portugal, and Germany and to their imperial expansion. In the fascist regimes of Mussolini's Italy, Salazar's Portugal, and Hitler's Germany, the first mass mobilizations involved wheat engineered to take advantage of chemical fertilizers, potatoes resistant to late blight, and pigs that thrived on national produce. Food independence was an early goal of fascism; indeed, as Tiago Saraiva writes in Fascist Pigs, fascists were obsessed with projects to feed the national body from the national soil. Saraiva shows how such technoscientific organisms as specially bred wheat and pigs became important elements in th...

Merchant Cultures
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 372

Merchant Cultures

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2022-01-31
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  • Publisher: BRILL

Hans Holbein’s Triumphs (1532-1534), commissioned for the headquarters of the Hanseatic League in London and Kano Naizen’s The Portuguese namban (‘foreigners’) painted in 1543 in Japan are representations of worlds of trade, where wealth, speculation, exploitation, poverty, curiosity, encounters and the exotic relate effortlessly. These worlds multiplied in Africa, the America’s, Asia and Europe as mercantile cultures met in a globalizing world. From these encounters, power, subjugation and conflict arose as part of the same world as cooperation, cross-culturalism and cosmopolitism. Understanding early modern merchant cultures is thus paramount to comprehend the sinews of globaliza...

Enhancing sustainable rural development through social capital
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 144

Enhancing sustainable rural development through social capital

The first decade of the 21st century marked an important period in global demographics. For the first time in human history more people were living in urban than in rural areas. Rural and urban regions are closely intertwined and shaped by an ambiguous relationship. Rural regions are important deliverers of resources such as food, construction materials or energy and are thus enablers of these urban lifestyles. Rural regions are also places of aspiration and desire for a life closer to nature or in search for “wilderness” or “authenticity” of rural lifestyles, which people from cities would like to explore and experience during their visits. This ambiguous relationship is increasingl...

Palmela, chão que dá uvas
  • Language: pt-BR
  • Pages: 45

Palmela, chão que dá uvas

Nas páginas deste livro apresentam‐se experiências e valores de centenas de agricultores, que fizeram a charneca produzir os bens essenciais de que careciam e, também, os vinhos que apreciavam. Muitas vezes, os historiadores recorrem apenas aos documentos escritos, que melhor conhecem ou que estão mais acessíveis. Mas, neste caso, a ânsia de captar a diversidade de perspectivas e identificar os vários protagonistas conduziram a autora a procurar os testemunhos do passado em entrevistas, fotografias, mapas, paisagens, edifícios ou alfaias agrícolas. A recolha e o cruzamento de um amplo conjunto de informações revelou‐se essencial, para compreender as várias dimensões que envolvem a exploração da terra. [Dulce Freire, Prefácio]

Agriculture in Capitalist Europe, 1945–1960
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 303

Agriculture in Capitalist Europe, 1945–1960

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2016-06-17
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  • Publisher: Routledge

In the years before the Second World War agriculture in most European states was carried out on peasant or small family farms using technologies that relied mainly on organic inputs and local knowledge and skills, supplying products into a market that was partly local or national, partly international. The war applied a profound shock to this system. In some countries farms became battlefields, causing the extensive destruction of buildings, crops and livestock. In others, farmers had to respond to calls from the state for increased production to cope with the effects of wartime disruption of international trade. By the end of the war food was rationed when it was obtainable at all. Only fif...

The Modern Portuguese Economy in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 362

The Modern Portuguese Economy in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2019-08-14
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  • Publisher: Springer

This book offers insights into the behaviour of the Portuguese economy in relation to economic growth from the twentieth century to the present. How did the 1891-92 crisis and World Wars impact Portugal economically? How did the Portuguese economy behave during the 'Golden Age' of economic growth in postwar Europe? What have the effects of the European Monetary Union been? Amaral examines long-running trends in the development of the modern Portuguese economy in order to help us understand various growth phases of the modern period. This title is important reading for economic historians and economists researching economic growth, crises, stablisation and monetary unions.

An Agrarian History of Portugal, 1000-2000
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 361

An Agrarian History of Portugal, 1000-2000

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2016-11-28
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  • Publisher: BRILL

This book follows the renovation of European economic history towards a more unified interpretation of sources of growth and stagnation. To better understand the diversity of patterns of growth, we need to look beyond the study of the industrialization of the core economies, and explore the centuries before it occurred. Portuguese agriculture was hardly ever at the European productivity and technological forefront and the distance from it varied substantially across the second Millennium. Yet if we look at the periods of the Christian Reconquista, the recovery from the Black Death, the response to the globalization of the Renaissance, to the eighteenth century economic enlightenment, or to nineteenth century industrialization, we may conclude that agriculture in this country of the European periphery was often adaptive and dynamic. The fact that economic backwardness was not overcome by the end of the period is no longer the most relevant aspect of that story. Contributors are: Luciano Amaral, Amélia Branco, Dulce Freire, António Henriques, Pedro Lains, Susana Münch Miranda, Margarida Sobral Neto, Jaime Reis, Ana Maria Rodrigues, José Vicente Serrão and Ester G. Silva.