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Framework for assessing maturity of health accounts institutionalization
This document provides a framework for assessing the maturity of the institutionalization of Health Accounts (HA). The framework is based on elements commonly used in general governance and institutional assessment, and is tailored to the specific characteristics of HA institutionalization. The common factors are grouped into four domains: (1) demand, (2) governance and financing, (3) institutional technical capacity, and (4) dissemination and use of data. For each domain, a set of questions is proposed to facilitate the application of the framework and provide a clear picture to understand the progress and challenges in each country and for cross-country comparisons. The framework aims to assess where countries are in the process of institutionalizing HA, to identify areas where more effort is needed to advance or sustain progress in institutionalization, and to enable cross-country learning, mainly targeting policy makers and health accounts teams.
Methodology for the update of the global health expenditure database 2020-2022
This technical note provides supplementary explanations for the Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) data. The purpose of this document is to summarize the main methods and practices established and provide a technical description of the process implemented by the WHO Health Accounts team for the annual publication of GHED. The target audience are the users of the GHED data, who can find in this document a useful resource. It provides supplementary information to the indicators and aggregates published on the database, since it explains how the data collection and consultation process is performed, it describes the estimation methods implemented on the different SHA classifications, and provides details on the macroeconomic variables used, as well as the metadata information. As the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on health spending since 2020, this document also provides a brief description of Covid-related expenditure categories and data collected and published on the GHED.
Global spending on health
The results of the report clearly show that in 2020, a year dominated by the emergence of COVID-19 and its associated health and economic crises, governments around the world rose to the challenge. Sharp increases in government spending on health at all country income levels underpinned the rise in health spending to a new high of US $9 trillion (approximately 11% of global GDP). Government health spending generally increased and offset declines in out-of-pocket spending. Importantly, the rise in government health spending was part of a much broader fiscal response to the pandemic. In high income and upper-middle income countries social protection spending also increased sharply in as govern...
Disability, Work and Inclusion in Slovenia Towards Early Intervention for Sick Workers
One in seven working‐age adults identifies as having a disability in OECD countries. Many of them are excluded from meaningful work and have low levels of income and social engagement. Becoming sick or disabled often leads people to leave the labour market even if they still can and want to work.
Rivers of Europe
Based on the bestselling book, Rivers of North America, this new guide stands as the only primary source of complete and comparative baseline data on the biological and hydrological characteristics of more than 180 of the highest profile rivers in Europe. With numerous full-color photographs and maps, Rivers of Europe includes conservation information on current patterns of river use and the extent to which human society has exploited and impacted them. Rivers of Europe provides the information ecologists and conservation managers need to better assess their management and meet the EU legislative good governance targets. Coverage on more than 180 European rivers Summarizes biological, ecological and biodiversity characteristics Provides conservation managers with information to resolve conflicts between recreational use of rivers, their use as a water supply, and the need to conserve natural habitats Data on river hydrology (maximum , minimum and average flow rates), seasonal variation in water flow Numerous full-color photographs Information on the underlying geology and its affect on river behaviour
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