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An Exploration of How COVID-19 Impacted Women and Girls Around the World
Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the greatest global crises in perhaps a century and led to unimaginable human suffering. Although much coverage has been dedicated to exploring the different impacts of the crisis, such as its social, political, and economic consequences, comparatively little attention has been directed to examining the particular impact of the pandemic on women and girls. Past crises and outbreaks have powerfully demonstrated that men and women are differently affected, and preexisting inequalities and challenges for women and girls are often exacerbated. Comprising a rich collection of rigorous analyses that touch upon an extensive number of topics and an array of countries, this edited collection critically interrogates how the COVID-19 crisis has impacted women and girls around the world. With high-quality contributions from international scholars and experts from numerous fields and disciplines, and containing research based on a variety of methodologies and approaches, the present volume provides a wide-ranging, evidence-based exploration and nuanced perspective on this issue.
Age and Comorbidity Burden of Patients Critically Ill with COVID-19 Affect Both Access to and Outcome of Ventilation Therapy in Intensive Care Units
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of elderly, multimorbid people required treatment in intensive care units. This study investigated how the inherent patient factors age and comorbidity burden affected the treatment strategy and the outcome achieved. Retrospective analysis of data from intensive care patients enrolled in the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV2-Infected Patients (LEOSS) cohort found that a patient's age and comorbidity burden in fact influenced their mortality rate and the use of ventilation therapy. Evidence showed that advanced age and multimorbidity were associated with the restrictive use of invasive ventilation therapies, particularly ECMO. Geriatr...
Machine Learning on Commodity Tiny Devices
This book aims at the tiny machine learning (TinyML) software and hardware synergy for edge intelligence applications. It presents on-device learning techniques covering model-level neural network design, algorithm-level training optimization, and hardware-level instruction acceleration. Analyzing the limitations of conventional in-cloud computing would reveal that on-device learning is a promising research direction to meet the requirements of edge intelligence applications. As to the cutting-edge research of TinyML, implementing a high-efficiency learning framework and enabling system-level acceleration is one of the most fundamental issues. This book presents a comprehensive discussion of...
Bioethics
Fire, flood, earthquake, famine, pestilence, and warfare are no strangers to our experience. Once, we sought to placate the gods who brought these evils upon us. Today, clinicians, engineers, and politicians replace priests, prophets, seers, and shamans, and we_Americans in particular_think to impose our will upon the world. In times of catastrophe, issues of good and evil surrender to rapid, nearly automatic, operational response. Yet the catastrophic event poses unavoidable moral choices, ones that are more politically and emotionally complex since 9/11 and our 'War on Terrorism.' This book benefits from the emergence of bioethics as it has evolved from its clinical roots to address policy...
COVID-19 Severity and Thrombo-inflammatory Response Linked to Ethnicity
Abstract: Although there is strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with adverse outcomes in certain ethnic groups, the association of disease severity and risk factors such as comorbidities and biomarkers with racial disparities remains undefined. This retrospective study between March 2020 and February 2021 explores COVID-19 risk factors as predictors for patients' disease progression through country comparison. Disease severity predictors in Germany and Japan were cardiovascular-associated comorbidities, dementia, and age. We adjusted age, sex, body mass index, and history of cardiovascular disease comorbidity in the country cohorts using a propensity score matching (PSM) ...
